Clinical presentation and extent of resection impacts progression-free survival in spinal ependymomas

Abstract

Purpose Primary treatment of spinal ependymomas involves surgical resection, however recurrence ranges between 50 and 70%. While the association of survival outcomes with lesion extent of resection (EOR) has been studied, existing analyses are limited by small samples and archaic data resulting in an inhomogeneous population. We investigated the relationship between EOR and survival outcomes, chiefly overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS), in a large contemporary cohort of spinal ependymoma patients. Methods Adult patients diagnosed with a spinal ependymoma from 2006 to 2021 were identified from an institutional registry. Patients undergoing primary surgical resection at our institution, ≥ 1 routine follow-up MRI, and pathologic diagnosis of ependymoma were included. Records were reviewed for demographic information, EOR, lesion characteristics, and pre-/post-operative neurologic symptoms. EOR was divided into 2 classifications: gross total resection (GTR) and subtotal resection (STR). Log-rank test was used to compare OS and PFS between patient groups. Results Sixty-nine patients satisfied inclusion criteria, with 79.7% benefitting from GTR. The population was 56.2% male with average age of 45.7 years, and median follow-up duration of 58 months. Cox multivariate model demonstrated significant improvement in PFS when a GTR was attained (p <.001). Independently ambulatory patients prior to surgery had superior PFS (p <.001) and OS (p =.05). In univariate analyses, patients with a syrinx had improved PFS (p =.03) and were more likely to benefit from GTR (p =.01). Alternatively, OS was not affected by EOR (p =.78). Conclusions In this large, contemporary series of adult spinal ependymoma patients, we demonstrated improvements in PFS when GTR was achieved.