Clinical presentation and long-term follow-up of athletes with exercise-induced vasodepressor syncope

Recommendations for Competitive Sports Participation in Athletes With Cardiovascular Disease: A Consensus Document From the Study Group of Sports Cardiology of the Working Group of Cardiac Rehabilitation and Exercise Physiology and the Working Group of Myocardial and Pericardial Diseases of the European Society of Cardiology

“…92 Syncope may be neurocardiogenic (vasovagal, sino-carotid, environmental, or situational), orthostatic, or of cardiac origin (either arrhythmic or structural), or due to primary brain blood flow dysfunction. In young athletes, syncope is most often neurocardiogenic and seems to have a fair prognosis.…”

“…In young athletes, syncope is most often neurocardiogenic and seems to have a fair prognosis. 92,93 Evaluation of athletes with syncope should differentiate true syncope from other conditions causing loss of consciousness (epilepsy, transitory ischaemic attack, drop attack, hypoglycaemia), and assess the presence of cardiac disease. Initial evaluation includes history (aimed at a clear description of the syncope), physical examination with BP measurement in the recumbent and standing positions, and ECG.…”

Guidelines on management (diagnosis and treatment) of syncope

“…Exercise testing should be symptomlimited and careful electrocardiographic and blood pressure monitoring should be performed during both the test and the recovery phase as syncope can occur during or immediately after exercise [224][225][226][227][228][229][230][231][232][233][234][235][236] . These two situations should be considered separately.…”

Syncope in Children and Adolescents

“…Vasodepressor syncope usually occurs immediately after the termination of an activity, when it is associated with exercise, and has been well described in pediatric patients (7).…”