Clinical presentation and outcome of retinoblastoma based on age at presentation: a review of 1450 children

Kaliki, Swathi; Maniar, Arpita; Patel, Anamika; Palkonda, Vijay Anand Reddy; Mohamed, Ashik

doi:10.1007/s10792-019-01155-z

Cited by 9 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…In our study, increasing age also resulted in increased lag time for RB treatment. This could be related to atypical symptoms of RB such as decreased vision, enlarged eyeball or eyelid swelling, which are more common in older children compared to younger children [24].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lag Time between Onset of First Symptom and Treatment of Retinoblastoma: An International Collaborative Study of 692 Patients from 10 Countries

Kaliki

Zou

et al. 2021

Cancers

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Background: The relationship between lag time and outcomes in retinoblastoma (RB) is unclear. In this study, we aimed to study the effect of lag time between onset of symptoms and diagnosis of retinoblastoma (RB) in countries based on their national-income and analyse its effect on the outcomes. Methods: We performed a prospective study of 692 patients from 11 RB centres in 10 countries from 1 January 2019 to 31 December 2019. Results: The following factors were significantly different among different countries based on national-income level: age at diagnosis of RB (p = 0.001), distance from home to nearest primary healthcare centre (p = 0.03) and mean lag time between detection of first symptom to visit to RB treatment centre (p = 0.0007). After adjusting for country income, increased lag time between onset of symptoms and diagnosis of RB was associated with higher chances of an advanced tumour at presentation (p < 0.001), higher chances of high-risk histopathology features (p = 0.003), regional lymph node metastasis (p < 0.001), systemic metastasis (p < 0.001) and death (p < 0.001). Conclusions: There is a significant difference in the lag time between onset of signs and symptoms and referral to an RB treatment centre among countries based on national income resulting in significant differences in the presenting features and clinical outcomes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lag Time between Onset of First Symptom and Treatment of Retinoblastoma: An International Collaborative Study of 692 Patients from 10 Countries

Kaliki

Zou

et al. 2021

Cancers

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“…Enucleated eyes were staged retrospectively by the American Joint Committee Classification (AJCC), 8th edition, pathologic tumor‐node metastasis classification and the slides were reviewed for tumor differentiation and extent of ocular involvement (presence of histopathological HRFs) by two experienced pathologists (SS and SK). Tumors were clinically classified based on the International Retinoblastoma Staging System and the 8th edition of AJCC 10 …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combined association of massive choroidal and optic nerve invasion as a prognostic relevance in primary retinoblastoma: A 10‐year study

Kashyap

Singh²,

Kumar

et al. 2020

Asia-Pac J Clncl Oncology

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Purpose: To determine the significance of both massive choroidal invasion and optic nerve invasion (retrolaminar [(RL]+cut end [CE]) as a criterion for classifying high metastatic potential retinoblastoma and their relationship with other known histopathological high-risk features. Methods: A retrospective review of 650 eyes diagnosed as retinoblastoma over a 10-year period. In our study, there is male predominance and a higher percentage of the poorly differentiated tumors. The age of most of the patients ranges from 1 month to 8 years with a median age of 2 years. Results: There were 24% of eyes with massive choroidal invasion and 18% of eyes with optic nerve invasion up to the cut end. On performing Cox-proportional hazard analysis, it was found that massive choroidal invasion in association with optic nerve invasion up to the cut end was an independent prognostic parameter. On Kaplan-Meier analysis, overall survival had reduced in patients having both massive choroidal invasion and an optic nerve cut end invasion along with orbital invasion (P < .05). Conclusion: The presence of massive choroidal invasion in association with optic nerve cut end invasion (RL+CE) could be used as a better prognostic predictor in assessing retinoblastoma patients with high metastatic potential and need to be kept for longer follow up. K E Y W O R D S histopathological high-risk factors, massive choroidal invasion, optic nerve invasion (retrolaminar+cut end), overall survival, retinoblastoma 1 INTRODUCTION Retinoblastoma (RB) is the most common intraocular tumor detected in early childhood with an annual incidence of 1 in 16 000-18 000 live births. The incidence of RB in the United States has been reported to involve 12.14 cases per million. According to Yahaya et al, the incidence of RB in developing countries is still higher compared to the developed countries. 1 It develops in response to the inactivation of the tumor suppressor gene RB1. RB can be unilateral or bilateral and may show either endophytic or exophytic growth. 2 Most patients are symptomatic with signs of leukocoria and strabismus, redness, decreased vision, orbital cellulitis, proptosis, lacrimation, and so on. 3 Parameters like massive choroidal invasion, scleral invasion, and optic nerve infiltration up to the resected end, iris, and ciliary body invasion are considered as histopathological high-risk factors (HRFs) in RB, which are associated with tumor progression, metastasis, and recurrence. Identification of HRFs may help in improving patient's survival. 4 With the advancement in early diagnosis, the treatment of RB patients has improved. The treatment of RB is based upon the age of the child, laterality, and extent of disease. 5 There are several e100 c

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“…This study used the most recent and up to date SEER registry available from 2000 to 2017. The NCI’s SEER data registry was used to obtain CMI, morality, race, tumor prognostic data, sociodemographic, as well as the social determinants of health 8 …”

Section: Data Availability Statementmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1,5,6,7 Despite the implication of early diagnosis and improved prognosis, disparities exist in the management and outcomes of children with retinoblastoma, resulting in survival disadvantage for some subpopulations of children with this malignancy. 7,8 Based on current epidemiologic and clinical research data, there are no studies on sex implication as a biological variable in pediatric retinoblastoma mortality and survival. 3 With the limited data on sex and race involvement as exposure function of pediatric retinoblastoma mortality and survival, the current study was proposed to assess these insufficiencies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Survival disadvantage of male children with retinoblastoma in the United States: Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (2000–2017) Evidence

et al. 2023

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Background Retinoblastoma is a rare malignancy involving the retina, although, more common among children, with genetic inheritance explaining the incidence as well as acquired forms. The incidence varies among race and sex as well as mortality and survival. The current study aimed to assess retinoblastoma cumulative incidence (CMI), mortality, and survival by sex. Methods A retrospective cohort design was used to assess the CMI, mortality, and survival in this pediatric malignancy based on the Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) data 2000–2017. The binomial regression model was used to examine sex differentials in mortality, as well as other study variables, while Cox proportional hazard model was used for the survival variability by sex. Results The CMI during this period was higher among males relative to females (males n = 249, 56.7%; females n = 190, 43.3%, χ2 = 2.90, df = 1, p = 0.089). There were sex differences in mortality, with excess mortality observed among males compared to females, risk ratio = 3.40, 95% CI [1.0–15.72]. The survival differences by sex indicated decreased survival among males relative to females, hazard ratio (HR) = 3.39, 95% CI [1.0–15.72]. After controlling for the potential confoundings, namely tumor grade, urbanity, and median income the survival disadvantage of males persisted. Compared to females’, males were more than three times as likely to die, adjusted HR = 3.42, 99% CI [0.37–31.60]. Conclusion In a representative sample of pediatric retinoblastoma, there was a sex differential in survival with excess risk of dying identified among males relative to females, which may be explained in part by male X‐linkage.

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Clinical presentation and outcome of retinoblastoma based on age at presentation: a review of 1450 children

Cited by 9 publications

References 16 publications

Lag Time between Onset of First Symptom and Treatment of Retinoblastoma: An International Collaborative Study of 692 Patients from 10 Countries

Lag Time between Onset of First Symptom and Treatment of Retinoblastoma: An International Collaborative Study of 692 Patients from 10 Countries

Combined association of massive choroidal and optic nerve invasion as a prognostic relevance in primary retinoblastoma: A 10‐year study

Survival disadvantage of male children with retinoblastoma in the United States: Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (2000–2017) Evidence

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