Clinical presentation and response to treatment of novel influenza A H1N1 in a university-based summer camp population

Tsalik, Ephraim L.; Hendershot, Edward F.; Sangvai, Devdutta; Cunningham, Hannah; Cunningham, Coleen K.; Lopez-Marti, Maria; Purdy, William K; Woods, Christopher W.; Caram, L. Brett

doi:10.1016/j.jcv.2009.12.012

Cited by 12 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Most characteristics of infection were similar to those of previous reports of pandemic (H1N1) 2009 virus infections ( 16 – 18 ), including an outbreak among HCP in Kenya ( 8 ). Approximately one third of infected HCP in our study did not have measured or subjective fever during their infection.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Shedding of Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 Virus among Health Care Personnel, Seattle, Washington, USA

Kay¹,

Zerr²,

Englund³

et al. 2011

Emerg. Infect. Dis.

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The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends that health care personnel (HCP) infected with pandemic influenza (H1N1) 2009 virus not work until 24 hours after fever subsides without the use of antipyretics. During an influenza outbreak, we examined the association between viral shedding and fever among infected HCP. Participants recorded temperatures daily and provided nasal wash specimens for 2 weeks after symptom onset. Specimens were tested by using PCR and culture. When they met CDC criteria for returning to work, 12 of 16 HCP (75%) (95% confidence interval 48%–93%) had virus detected by PCR, and 9 (56%) (95% confidence interval 30%–80%) had virus detected by culture. Fever was not associated with shedding duration (p = 0.65). HCP might shed virus even when meeting CDC exclusion guidelines. Further research is needed to clarify the association between viral shedding, symptoms, and infectiousness.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Shedding of Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 Virus among Health Care Personnel, Seattle, Washington, USA

Kay¹,

Zerr²,

Englund³

et al. 2011

Emerg. Infect. Dis.

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“…Including additional clinical cases, ARs were 38%, 44% and 25% for children, counselors and technical staff, respectively [27]. An outbreak in residential summer camps in North Carolina, USA, found clinical attack rates of up to 15% among campers [54].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Attack Rates Assessment of the 2009 Pandemic H1N1 Influenza A in Children and Their Contacts: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

et al. 2012

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BackgroundThe recent H1N1 influenza A pandemic was marked by multiple reports of illness and hospitalization in children, suggesting that children may have played a major role in the propagation of the virus. A comprehensive detailed analysis of the attack rates among children as compared with their contacts in various settings is of great importance for understanding their unique role in influenza pandemics.Methodology/Principal FindingsWe searched MEDLINE (PubMed) and Embase for published studies reporting outbreak investigations with direct measurements of attack rates of the 2009 pandemic H1N1 influenza A among children, and quantified how these compare with those of their contacts. We identified 50 articles suitable for review, which reported school, household, travel and social events. The selected reports and our meta-analysis indicated that children had significantly higher attack rates as compared to adults, and that this phenomenon was observed for both virologically confirmed and clinical cases, in various settings and locations around the world. The review also provided insight into some characteristics of transmission between children and their contacts in the various settings.Conclusion/SignificanceThe consistently higher attack rates of the 2009 pandemic H1N1 influenza A among children, as compared to adults, as well as the magnitude of the difference is important for understanding the contribution of children to disease burden, for implementation of mitigation strategies directed towards children, as well as more precise mathematical modeling and simulation of future influenza pandemics.

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“…Published studies of pH1N1 transmission among contacts, following exposure, report secondary attack rates of acute respiratory illness and influenza-like illness ranging from 13 to 53% in household settings [31][32][33] ; 15% influenza-like illness among campers in two camp programs 34 ; 11% confirmed or suspected pH1N1 among 1346 cadets exposed in a military facility 22 ; 11% influenza-like illness attack rate among crew of a docked naval ship 35 ; and 35% self-reported illness among 2686 high school students in New York City. 36 These studies of pH1N1 transmission in other settings reflect attack rates of acute respiratory illness and ILI that are 2-10 times higher than were found among our passenger cohort.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 during air travel

Neatherlin

Cramer

Dubray

et al. 2013

Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease

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SummaryThe global spread of the influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus (pH1N1) associated with travelers from North America during the onset of the 2009 pandemic demonstrates the central role of international air travel in virus migration. To characterize risk factors for pH1N1 transmission during air travel, we investigated travelers and airline employees from four North American flights carrying ill travelers with confirmed pH1N1 infection. Of 392 passengers and crew identified, information was available for 290 (74%) passengers were interviewed. Overall attack rates for acute respiratory infection and influenza-like illness 1-7 days after travel were 5.2% and 2.4% respectively. Of 43 individuals that provided sera, 4 (9.3%) tested positive for pH1N1 antibodies, including 3 with serologic evidence of asymptomatic infection. Investigation of novel influenza aboard aircraft may be instructive. However, beyond the initial outbreak phase, it may compete with community-based mitigation activities, and interpretation of findings will be difficult in the context of established community transmission.

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Clinical presentation and response to treatment of novel influenza A H1N1 in a university-based summer camp population

Cited by 12 publications

References 8 publications

Shedding of Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 Virus among Health Care Personnel, Seattle, Washington, USA

Shedding of Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 Virus among Health Care Personnel, Seattle, Washington, USA

Attack Rates Assessment of the 2009 Pandemic H1N1 Influenza A in Children and Their Contacts: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 during air travel

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