Clinical presentation of adults with pulmonary tuberculosis with and without HIV infection in Nigeria

Abstract

Our aim was to describe the frequency of HIV infection among patients with tuberculosis and compare their characteristics with patients with TB but not infected with HIV. Patients with cough >3 weeks duration attending 8 hospitals in Abuja, Nigeria were screened with smear microscopy and culture and tested for HIV. Chest X-rays were graded by 2 readers. 731 (62%) of 1186 patients had positive cultures and 353 (48%) of these 731 patients were smear positive. 1002 (85%) patients were tested for HIV and 546 (55%) were positive. 53% (329/625) of the culture positive patients and 58% (217/377) of the culture negative patients were HIV positive. Anorexia, weight loss, low BMI (<18.5), haemoglobin (<11 gm/dl) and albumin and high ESR and liver enzymes were more frequently observed among patients with TB coinfected with HIV than in patients without HIV. Coinfected patients had less cavitations and lung involvement on X-rays than patients without HIV. In conclusion, the prevalence of HIV is very high among patients with TB in Abuja, Nigeria. The presence of HIV decreases the sensitivity of smear microscopy and complicates the diagnosis of TB. Selected clinical and laboratory parameters could be used to identify individuals with TB who are likely to be coinfected with HIV.

Doxycycline and HIV Infection Suppress Tuberculosis-induced Matrix Metalloproteinases

“…Chest radiograph scoring is a relatively insensitive indicator of pulmonary inflammation (21), because it only measures area of lung involvement but not density of consolidation, and yet a positive association with MMP-1 concentration was shown. In support of a central role for MMP-1 in TB pathogenesis, MMP-1 polymorphisms have been linked to the risk of developing TB (29).…”

“…A modified chest radiograph scoring system was used ( Figure E1) (21). Cavities were recorded as present or absent.…”

Molecular Detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) and Rifampicin Resistant Strain among Subjects Accessing Health Care at Federal Medical Centre, Yenegoa, Bayelsa State; Nigeria

“…Tuberculosis control and prevention programs are based on early diagnosis, followed by rapid identification of drug resistance strains [3]. A study by Lawson reported that multi drug resistant tuberculosis (MDR/TB) has implicated as much as 8% of all cultured specimens which were MDR/TB positive cases as recorded in three states in Nigeria [4]. Potentially, lots of awareness and campaigns have been on to reduce the incidence rate of the disease to the barest minimum, but TB elimination remains a critical massive challenge, due to some critical factors like the emergence and re-emergence of clinical forms of rifampicin and multi-drug-resistant strains [1] The increasing trend of Human Immunodeficiency Virus infection contribute massively towards worsening the health conditions of the subject's affected [1].…”

Prevalence and Correlates of TB and HIV Co-infection Among People Living with HIV/AIDs at the DLHM Hospital, Calabar

“…[2] [12] Nigeria have the fourth highest burden of tuberculosis (TB) in the world, with an annual incidence of 311 cases per 100,000 population and a mortality rate of 81 per 100,000 population in 2006. [4] [ 13] In Nigeria, about 21% of all TB patients are dually infected with TB and HIV. [3] [4] In 2013 of the estimated 9 million people who developed TB, an estimated 1.1 million (13%) were HIV positive.…”

“…[4] [ 13] In Nigeria, about 21% of all TB patients are dually infected with TB and HIV. [3] [4] In 2013 of the estimated 9 million people who developed TB, an estimated 1.1 million (13%) were HIV positive. There were also 360,000 deaths from HIV associated TB equivalent to 25% of all TB deaths, and around 25% of the estimated 1.5 million deaths from HIV/AIDS in the same year.…”