Clinical Presentation of General Paralysis of the Insane in a Dutch Psychiatric Hospital, 1924-1954

Ouwens, I.M. Daey; Lens, C. Elisabeth; Fiolet, Aernoud T L; Ott, Alewijn; Koehler, Peter J.; Verhoeven, W.M.A.

doi:10.1159/000435835

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…13 GPI is the dominant form of parenchymal neurosyphilis that is easily misdiagnosed because of multiple nonspecific symptoms and signs. It mostly occurred in the middle-aged population, no matter in the pre-antibiotic era 14 or in the modern era. 7 It was reported that the gender ratio of male to female in all types of neurosyphilis was about 1.53~5.1:1 4,5 and this ratio was even higher in GPI, 6,15,16 which was the same as our results.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical Manifestations, Fluid Changes and Neuroimaging Alterations in Patients with General Paresis of the Insane

Gao¹,

Li²,

Xu³

et al. 2021

NDT

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical Manifestations, Fluid Changes and Neuroimaging Alterations in Patients with General Paresis of the Insane

Gao¹,

Li²,

Xu³

et al. 2021

NDT

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“…Only observational studies are available with many differences in often poorly described patient characteristics, criteria of diagnosis, response to therapy, and follow-up. Although many cases were treated in general hospitals, complex behavioral problems, probably related to more advanced stages of the disease, often necessitated referral to a psychiatric hospital [6,15]. Therefore, patient characteristics of those treated in a psychiatric hospital may differ from those treated in a general hospital.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Malaria Fever Therapy for General Paralysis of the Insane: A Historical Cohort Study

et al. 2017

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Background/Aims: This year marks the 100th anniversary of the first malaria fever treatment (MFT) given to patients with general paralysis of the insane (GPI) by the Austrian psychiatrist and later Nobel laureate, Julius Wagner-Jauregg. In 1921 Wagner-Jauregg reported an impressive therapeutic success of MFT and it became the standard treatment for GPI worldwide. In this study, MFT practice in the Dutch Vincent van Gogh psychiatric hospital in GPI patients who had been admitted in the period 1924-1954 is explored. Methods: To identify patients with GPI, cause-of-death statistics was used. Data on MFT were retrieved from annual hospital reports and individual patient records. Results: Data on MFT were mentioned in the records of 43 out of 105 GPI patients. MFT was practiced in a wide range of patients with GPI, including those with disease duration of more than 1 year, up to 70 years of age, and those with a broad array of symptoms and comorbidities, such as (syphilitic) cardiac disease. Inoculation with malaria was done by patient-to-patient transmission of infected blood. Conclusions: MFT practice and mortality rates in MFT-treated patients correspond to similar findings worldwide. MFT was well tolerated and MFT-treated patients had a significantly longer survival.

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“…The first suggestion that bacteria may be affecting the pathogenesis of PCDs, or more specifically Parkinson’s disease, was postulated by Braak ( 7 ); however, the evidence of the microbial origin of PCDs can be seen throughout the literature much earlier. For example, prior to the discovery of antibiotics, syphilis, a sexually transmitted infection caused by Treponema pallidum , a spirochaete bacterium, was the leading cause of paralytic dementia, a neurological condition that manifests in rapid cognitive decline, which accounted for a significant rise in asylum admissions ( 8 , 9 ). Spirochetal infections were later linked to AD ( 10 , 11 ).…”

Section: Bacterial Infections Antibiotics and Protein Conformational ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Oh my gut! Is the microbial origin of neurodegenerative diseases real?

Walker,

Czyz

2023

Infect Immun

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There is no cure or effective treatment for neurodegenerative protein conformational diseases (PCDs), such as Alzheimer’s or Parkinson’s diseases, mainly because the etiology of these diseases remains elusive. Recent data suggest that unique changes in the gut microbial composition are associated with these ailments; however, our current understanding of the bacterial role in the pathogenesis of PCDs is hindered by the complexity of the microbial communities associated with specific microbiomes, such as the gut, oral, or vaginal microbiota. The composition of these specific microbiomes is regarded as a unique fingerprint affected by factors such as infections, diet, lifestyle, and antibiotics. All of these factors also affect the severity of neurodegenerative diseases. The majority of studies that reveal microbial contribution are correlational, and various models, including worm, fly, and mouse, are being utilized to decipher the role of individual microbes that may affect disease onset and progression. Recent evidence from across model organisms and humans shows a positive correlation between the presence of gram-negative enteropathogenic bacteria and the pathogenesis of PCDs. While these correlational studies do not provide a mechanistic explanation, they do reveal contributing bacterial species and provide an important basis for further investigation. One of the lurking concerns related to the microbial contribution to PCDs is the increasing prevalence of antibiotic resistance and poor antibiotic stewardship, which ultimately select for proteotoxic bacteria, especially the gram-negative species that are known for intrinsic resistance. In this review, we summarize what is known about individual microbial contribution to PCDs and the potential impact of increasing antimicrobial resistance.

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Clinical Presentation of General Paralysis of the Insane in a Dutch Psychiatric Hospital, 1924-1954

Cited by 4 publications

References 12 publications

Clinical Manifestations, Fluid Changes and Neuroimaging Alterations in Patients with General Paresis of the Insane

Clinical Manifestations, Fluid Changes and Neuroimaging Alterations in Patients with General Paresis of the Insane

Malaria Fever Therapy for General Paralysis of the Insane: A Historical Cohort Study

Oh my gut! Is the microbial origin of neurodegenerative diseases real?

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