Clinical Profile and Risk Factors Associated with Acute Myocardial Infarction

Abstract

BACKGROUND Cardiovascular diseases are the number one cause of death globally and are quite common in developed as well as developing countries like ours. In the present study, we have attempted to look at the clinical profile and risk factors associated with acute myocardial infarction in our patients. The aim of the study was to determine the clinical profile and risk factors associated with acute myocardial infarction. METHODS This was a cross-sectional study done in the Department of General Medicine, Mamata Academy of Medical Sciences, Bachupally, Hyderabad, Telangana in the for a duration of one year. About 110 cases with acute MI were included and studied for demographics, clinical features and risk factors for acute myocardial infarction. RESULTS Maximum number of cases 45/110 (40.9%) were in the age group of 60-70 years. Males 63.6% (70/110) were predominant as compared to females 36.3% (40/110). The commonest clinical symptom was chest pain (100%), followed by giddiness 72.7% and sweating 63.6%. Commonest risk factor found in this study was smoking that was seen in 38.1% of the cases followed by hypertension in 33.6% cases. Electrocardiography changes noted were STEMI in 72.7% (80 /110) cases and NSTEMI in 27.2% (30/110) cases. CONCLUSIONS Myocardial infarction is common in the sixth and seventh decades and is more common in males. It frequently presents with chest pain, giddiness, sweating etc. Commonly associated risk factors are smoking, alcohol, hypertension and diabetes mellitus. Various complications like arrhythmias and cardiac failure can be seen post-myocardial infarction. ECG, 2D Echo and biochemical testing for cardiac markers is essential for diagnosis.