Clinical profile of a patient with wet form of age-related macular degeneration at the stage of disease detection

Abstract

Purpose. To study the phenotypic features and systemic correlations at the stage of detection of wet age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Material and methods. A prospective comprehensive clinical study included 197 patients with newly diagnosed wet AMD (82 (41.6%) males and 115 (58.4%) females). All patients underwent standard ophthalmological examination and a survey based on a specially developed questionnaire. Results. The average age of wet AMD manifestation varied widely (from 42 to 95 years), averaging 69.9±7.1 years. There was no statistically significant difference in the timing of the onset of the disease in males and females (67.91±8.2 and 70.22±6.9 years, respectively, p>0.05). Light colors of the iris (blue and gray) were found in 108 (54.8%) and 57 (28.9%) cases, respectively. In all cases, the development of wet AMD proceeded asymmetrically with the primary lesion of one of the eyes. The incidence of the disease in the right and left eyes was almost the same (49.7% and 50.3%, respectively). In all age groups, the body mass index exceeded normal values. Arterial hypertension was observed in most patients with wet AMD - in 91.9% of cases, coronary heart disease – in 10.2% of patients. The prevalence of diabetes mellitus (mainly type 2) in patients with wet AMD was 5.6%. Among the cerebrovascular disorders, cerebral atherosclerosis and dyscirculatory encephalopathy prevailed, accounting for 11.4%. Conclusion. The data obtained indicate a variety of phenotypic correlations of wet AMD and the need to study them to address the issues of early diagnosis and the formation of appropriate risk groups. Key words: age-related macular degeneration, cardiovascular pathology.