Clinical rabies in cattle imported into Croatia

Lojkić, Ivana; Bedeković, Tomislav; Čač, Željko; Lemo, Nina; Cvetnić, Željko

doi:10.1136/vr.e8619

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Similar findings were recorded by Hudson et al, 1996, LojkiÄ et al, 2013 In experimentally infected cattle, the average incubation period recorded by Hudson et al, 1996 was 15.1 days and the average morbidity period was 3.7 days. Of those, the naive cattle had significantly shorter incubation and morbidity periods than the test-vaccinated cattle.…”

Section: Observations Recorded From Dog Bite To Onset Of Clinical Signs Of Rabiessupporting

confidence: 86%

Occurrence of Rabies in Post Exposure Vaccinated Cattle with Dog Bite Injury above the Neck Region

Bhosale

Awati

Mallinath

et al. 2022

IJAR

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Background: Investigated the fatality in bovines infected with rabies virus through dog bite, that have undergone the post bite therapy. The site of dog bite close to the brain was an important factor and reason behind the fatality. Methods: The findings from cattle infected naturally with Rabies virus and vaccinated with post bite shots of anti-rabies vaccine were considered for the present study. The rabies cases i.e., 20 cases (out of total 58 cases reported) in bovines, from Bidar, Karnataka and Maharashtra border area, reported in last three years and bovines with site of dog bite specifically above neck region were considered. All the clinical samples were tested with direct fluorescent antibody test and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, amplifying the glycoprotein, G gene of rabies virus. Result: In the diseased cattle, with history of dog bite above neck region, the average incubation period observed was 15 days in case of calves and 20 days in case of adults. The occurrence of clinical signs was seen in cattle undergoing the post bite vaccination. Fatality rate recorded was 100 per cent, despite having treated with post bite anti-rabies vaccine alone, without use of rabies antisera as a passive way of treating successfully in such cases. Rabies post bite vaccination is not protective, if the site of dog bite is above the neck region.

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Section: Observations Recorded From Dog Bite To Onset Of Clinical Signs Of Rabiessupporting

confidence: 86%

Occurrence of Rabies in Post Exposure Vaccinated Cattle with Dog Bite Injury above the Neck Region

Bhosale

Awati

Mallinath

et al. 2022

IJAR

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“…The incidence of rabies in livestock is an important factor for estimating the economic impact of the disease [15] . However, rabies in livestock has not been studied thoroughly, and the impact of rabies has been reported in a limited number of papers [16] , [17] . There are an estimated 1.5 million cattle, 0.3 million buffalo and 0.08 million pigs in Sri Lanka, and livestock contributes 1.2% of this country's gross domestic product ( http://www.livestock.gov.lk/site/en/statistics ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Twelve Years of Rabies Surveillance in Sri Lanka, 1999–2010

et al. 2014

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BackgroundRabies is endemic in Sri Lanka, but little is known about the temporal and spatial trends of rabies in this country. Knowing these trends may provide insight into past control efforts and serve as the basis for future control measures. In this study, we analyzed distribution of rabies in humans and animals over a period of 12 years in Sri Lanka.MethodsAccumulated data from 1999 through 2010 compiled by the Department of Rabies Diagnosis and Research, Medical Research Institute (MRI), Colombo, were used in this study.ResultsThe yearly mean percentage of rabies-positive sample was 62.4% (47.6–75.9%). Three-fourths of the rabies-positive samples were from the Colombo, Gampaha, and Kalutara districts in Western province, followed by Galle in Southern province. A high percentage of the rabies samples were from dogs (85.2%), followed by cats (7.9%), humans (3.8%), wild animals (2.0%), and livestock (1.1%). Among wild animals, mongooses were the main victims followed by civets. The number of suspect human rabies cases decreased gradually in Sri Lanka, although the number of human samples submitted for laboratory confirmation increased.ConclusionsThe number of rabid dogs has remained relatively unchanged, but the number of suspect human rabies is decreasing gradually in Sri Lanka. These findings indicate successful use of postexposure prophylaxis (PEP) by animal bite victims and increased rabies awareness. PEP is free of charge and is supplied through government hospitals by the Ministry of Health, Sri Lanka. Our survey shows that most positive samples were received from Western and Southern provinces, possibly because of the ease of transporting samples to the laboratory. Submissions of wild animal and livestock samples should be increased by creating more awareness among the public. Better rabies surveillance will require introduction of molecular methods for detection and the establishment of more regional rabies diagnostic laboratories.

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“…The maximum of 325 positive out of 695 examined foxes (46.8%) was recorded in 1993 [24]. At the beginning of the 21st century, the number of positive animals stabilized at about 20% (449/2240), but in 2008-2009, rose again to over 30% (994/3051) [25]. Given these devastating figures, it was clear that Croatia, together with Western Balkan countries, posed a threat to neighboring countries in which ORV had been conducted for many years, undermining their ability to achieve a rabies-free status.…”

Section: Current Status Of Rabies With Emphasis On Croatia Southeast ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Current Status of Rabies and Its Eradication in Eastern and Southeastern Europe

2021

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The objective of this paper is to provide an overview of the current status of rabies in Europe, with special emphasis on Croatia and Southeast and East Europe. Due to the systematic implementation of a rabies eradication program by oral vaccination of wild animals, by the end of the 20th century, most West and Central European countries were rabies-free. The EU goal was to eradicate rabies in wildlife and domestic animals by 2020. No matter how achievable the goal seemed to be, the disease is still present in the eastern part of the EU, as was notified in 2020 by two member states—Poland and Romania. Croatia has been rabies-free for the last seven years but given that it borders a non-EU country in which a case of rabies was confirmed in 2020, it will continue to contribute to the maintenance of the rabies-free region. A rabies-free EU can only be achieved by continuous oral vaccination, coordination and a regional approach. The prevention of reintroductions from bordering countries in which rabies has not been eradicated yet, and the support for the eradication efforts made by these countries, are goals still pending.

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Clinical rabies in cattle imported into Croatia

Cited by 7 publications

References 8 publications

Occurrence of Rabies in Post Exposure Vaccinated Cattle with Dog Bite Injury above the Neck Region

Occurrence of Rabies in Post Exposure Vaccinated Cattle with Dog Bite Injury above the Neck Region

Twelve Years of Rabies Surveillance in Sri Lanka, 1999–2010

Current Status of Rabies and Its Eradication in Eastern and Southeastern Europe

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