Clinical Relevance and Molecular Pathogenesis of the Emerging Serotypes 22F and 33F of Streptococcus pneumoniae in Spain

Sempere, Julio; Miguel, Sara de; González-Camacho, Fernando; Yuste, José; Domenech, Mirian

doi:10.3389/fmicb.2020.00309

Cited by 32 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…The polysaccharide capsule is the main virulence factor in IPD, providing protection the bacterium from the host's immune system. To date 99 capsular types have been identified based on the antigenic capsular polysaccharide [3]. The introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCV7/10/13) has reduced the incidence of IPD.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular characterization, antibiotic resistance pattern and capsular types of invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae isolated from clinical samples in Tehran, Iran

et al. 2020

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Background: Streptococcus pneumoniae causes serious infections worldwide. The aim of this study was to determine the molecular characteristic, antibiotic resistance pattern and capsular types of invasive S. pneumoniae in Tehran, Iran. Results: Of the 44 pneumococcal invasive isolates, 39 (89%) were isolated from children and 5 (11%) from adults. The results show that all pneumococcal isolates were susceptible to linezolid but had varying resistance to trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole (86%), erythromycin (73%), tetracycline (66%), clindamycin (43%), penicillin (16%), chloramphenicol (14%) and levofloxacin (2%). The range of erythromycin, tetracycline and penicillin MICs were 2-≥ 256 μg/mL, 4-≥ 48 μg/mL, and 0.047-≥ 256 respectively. All of the penicillin resistant isolates were multidrug resistant (MDR) and in addition to penicillin were resistant to tetracycline, erythromycin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. The most common capsular types detected in 64% of the pneumococcal isolates was 6A/B, 19A, 15A, 23F. The multilocus sequence typing (MLST) of 10 pneumococcal isolates revealed 9 different sequence types (STs), including ST 15139 (capsular type 19A) and ST 15140 (capsular type 23F), which have not previously been reported. Conclusions: The study revealed that the S. pneumoniae isolates belonged to diverse capsular types and clones with high rate of resistance to erythromycin, tetracycline, and penicillin.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular characterization, antibiotic resistance pattern and capsular types of invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae isolated from clinical samples in Tehran, Iran

et al. 2020

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“…A study conducted from 2006 to 2016 showed increased resistance to penicillin, amoxicillin, ceftriaxone, and meropenem. Implementation of the PCV13 vaccine in 2010 ( 6 ) resulted in increased incidence of nonvaccine Spn serotypes ( 7 ). Thus, despite major advances in public health, pneumococcal infections continue to be a significant cause of morbidity and mortality, and further investigations are warranted.…”

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confidence: 99%

An in vivo atlas of host–pathogen transcriptomes during Streptococcus pneumoniae colonization and disease

D’Mello

Riegler

Martínez

et al. 2020

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Streptococcus pneumoniae (Spn) colonizes the nasopharynx and can cause pneumonia. From the lungs it spreads to the bloodstream and causes organ damage. We characterized the in vivo Spn and mouse transcriptomes within the nasopharynx, lungs, blood, heart, and kidneys using three Spn strains. We identified Spn genes highly expressed at all anatomical sites and in an organ-specific manner; highly expressed genes were shown to have vital roles with knockout mutants. The in vivo bacterial transcriptome during colonization/disease was distinct from previously reported in vitro transcriptomes. Distinct Spn and host gene-expression profiles were observed during colonization and disease states, revealing specific genes/operons whereby Spn adapts to and influences host sites in vivo. We identified and experimentally verified host-defense pathways induced by Spn during invasive disease, including proinflammatory responses and the interferon response. These results shed light on the pathogenesis of Spn and identify therapeutic targets.

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“…Recent studies have demonstrated that PCV13 is effective not only against IPD but also against pneumonia and has effect on nasopharyngeal carriage providing herd immunity to the elderly population [ 49 , 50 ]. Reduction in the carrier state caused by serotypes included in PCVs has induced the phenomenon of herd protection which is a great achievement of these vaccines but also has contributed to serotype replacement; the main limitation of these sort of vaccines based on CPS [ 51 , 52 , 53 ].…”

Section: Current Commercialized Vaccines For Streptococcmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As previously mentioned, the main disadvantage of these vaccines is that they do not prevent disease caused by serotypes that are not included in current formulations or those caused by non-capsulated strains. Serotype replacement can become a serious problem for the control of the disease [ 15 , 53 , 57 , 58 ]. To solve these problems by current vaccines based in CPS as the target antigen, it is necessary to develop new vaccines that can provide immunological protection regardless of the serotype and provide universal protection against pneumococcus [ 59 , 60 ].…”

Section: Current Commercialized Vaccines For Streptococcmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pneumococcal Choline-Binding Proteins Involved in Virulence as Vaccine Candidates

et al. 2021

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Streptococcus pneumoniae is a pathogen responsible for millions of deaths worldwide. Currently, the available vaccines for the prevention of S. pneumoniae infections are the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide-based vaccine (PPV-23) and the pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCV10 and PCV13). These vaccines only cover some pneumococcal serotypes (up to 100 different serotypes have been identified) and are unable to protect against non-vaccine serotypes and non-encapsulated pneumococci. The emergence of antibiotic-resistant non-vaccine serotypes after these vaccines is an increasing threat. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop new pneumococcal vaccines which could cover a wide range of serotypes. One of the vaccines most characterized as a prophylactic alternative to current PPV-23 or PCVs is a vaccine based on pneumococcal protein antigens. The choline-binding proteins (CBP) are found in all pneumococcal strains, giving them the characteristic to be potential vaccine candidates as they may protect against different serotypes. In this review, we have focused the attention on different CBPs as vaccine candidates because they are involved in the pathogenesis process, confirming their immunogenicity and protection against pneumococcal infection. The review summarizes the major contribution of these proteins to virulence and reinforces the fact that antibodies elicited against many of them may block or interfere with their role in the infection process.

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Clinical Relevance and Molecular Pathogenesis of the Emerging Serotypes 22F and 33F of Streptococcus pneumoniae in Spain

Cited by 32 publications

References 68 publications

Molecular characterization, antibiotic resistance pattern and capsular types of invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae isolated from clinical samples in Tehran, Iran

Molecular characterization, antibiotic resistance pattern and capsular types of invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae isolated from clinical samples in Tehran, Iran

An in vivo atlas of host–pathogen transcriptomes during Streptococcus pneumoniae colonization and disease

Pneumococcal Choline-Binding Proteins Involved in Virulence as Vaccine Candidates

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