Clinical relevance of infections with zoonotic and human oral species of Campylobacter

Abstract

Genus Campylobacter has been recognized as a causative bacterial agent of animal and human diseases. Human Campylobacter infections have caused more concern. Campylobacters can be classified into two groups in terms of their original host: zoonotic and human oral species. The major zoonotic species are Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli, which mostly reside in the intestines of avian species and are transmitted to humans via consumption of contaminated poultry products, thus causing human gastroenteritis and other diseases as sequelae. The other campylobacters, human oral species, include C. concisus, C. showae, C. gracilis, C. ureolyticus, C. curvus, and C. rectus. These species are isolated from the oral cavity, natural colonization site, but have potential clinical relevance in the periodontal region to varying extent. Two species, C. jejuni and C. coli, are believed to be mainly associated with intestinal diseases, but recent studies suggested that oral Campylobacter species also play a significant role in intestinal diseases. This review offers an outline of the two Campylobacter groups (zoonotic and human oral), their virulence traits, and the associated illnesses including gastroenteritis.

Active matrix metalloproteinase‐8 and periodontal bacteria—interlink between periodontitis and inflammatory bowel disease?

“…Fn, a relevant oral pathogen was reported in this context . Furthermore, Campylobacter species could play a relevant role . Results of clinical evaluations are rare.…”

“…[37][38][39] Furthermore, Campylobacter species could play a relevant role. 40 Results of clinical evaluations are rare. The only available clinical study comparing IBD and healthy patients regarding subgingival microflora found higher prevalence of opportunistic bacteria, including Pm and Td in IBD patients.…”

Campylobacter fetus impairs barrier function in HT‐29/B6 cells through focal tight junction alterations and leaks

“…In young children, growth reduction can occur depending on the number and duration of inflammatory diarrheal episodes from Campylobacter spp. infections (MAL‐ED studies) . For the human oral campylobacters C. rectus and C. concisus , less is known about their immune activation properties and diarrheal mechanisms.…”

“…infections (MAL-ED studies). 42,43 For the human oral campylobacters C. rectus and C. concisus, less is known about their immune activation properties and diarrheal mechanisms. For the emerging pathogen C. concisus, a few studies have revealed its pathogenic potential and reported invasion, inducing a leak flux mechanism in epithelial cell cultures by apoptotic leaks and TJ redistribution of claudin-5, as well as delayed immune activation in patients with C. concisus diarrhea.…”

Bibliometric analysis of publications on Campylobacter: (2000–2015)

“…Campylobacter species are zoonotic pathogens [1]. Many animals and birds, particularly broiler chickens, carry Campylobacter asymptomatically and shed the microorganism in their feces [2]. Campylobacter jejuni is the most important species of Campylobacter.…”