Clinical role of NDRG2-based methylation status on survival pattern of glioblastoma

Abstract

Objectives: Gliobalstoma is the most common primary brain tumor in adults with an extensive genetic and transcriptional heterogeneity, still identification of the role of DNA methylation, as one of epigenetic alterations, is emerged. Authors aimed to study the clinical role of N-myc downstream-regulated gene 2 (NDRG2) –based methylation among GBM patients versus benign neurological diseases (BND), investigate its prognostic role and its relation with survival outcomes. Methods: A total of 78 FFPE specimens were recruited as follows: GBM ( n = 58) and BND ( n = 20) then analyzed for NDRG2 methylation using Methyl II quantitative PCR system. The sensitivity and specificity of methylation was detected using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and the relation with clinicopathological criteria for GBM and response to treatment were studied. Survival patterns; progression free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were analyzed using Kaplan-Meier analyses. Results: Mean methylation NDRG2 level was significantly increased in GBM patients as compared to BND and its sensitivity and specificity were 96.55% and 95%, respectively with area under curve (AUC) equals 0.973. Among the clinical characteristic factors, mean methylation level reported significant difference with ECOG and tumor site. Survival out comes revealed that NDRG2 methylation increased with worse PFS and OS at significant level (long rank test X 2 = 13.3, p < .0001; and X 2 = 7.1, p = .008, respectively). Conclusion: Current findings highlight the importance of studying DNA methylation of NDRG2 as a key factor to understand the role of epigenetic alterations in GBM.