Clinical Significance of Quantitative and Qualitative Detection of BK and JC Virus in Blood and Urine of Renal Transplantation Recipients

Qiao, Liang; Qu, Qingshan; Xin, Jiang

doi:10.12669/pjms.322.8978

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Then PCR amplification was performed on a ABI7500 instrument (ThermoFisher Scientific, Waltham, MA))with a thermocycling profile at 37°C for 2 min,95°C for 3 min followed by 40 cycles at 94°C for 15 sec, and at 60°C for 35 sec. The detection limit was determined at 2000 copies/mL[17].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In immunosuppressed individuals,BK virus reactivation may cause kidney (BK-associated nephropathy) or bladder (hemorrhagic cystitis and ureteral stenosis) injury [6].The infection occurs in the following chronological stages-viruria, viremia, and allograft nephropathy [7,8] .Viruria and viremia are detected in approximately 30% and 12% of kidney transplant recipients, respectively [9,10] .Measuring BKV DNA in urine and serum is a useful and noninvasive tool for early detection and monitoring [11]. urine BK viral loads >8 log10 c/mL predict the onset of viremia, while plasma BK viral loads >4 log10 c/mL are associated with higher rates of biopsy-proven BKVAN [12][13][14] .Antiviral immunoregulatory markers like Gamma interferon (IFN-γ) might also affect the polyomavirus BK pathogenesis for its role in antiviral host defense, graft rejection, and regulative of the adaptive immune responses.Recent reports have shown that CD4+T cells likely have a direct role in controlling BKV infection, mediated through the expression of proinflammatory cytokines, including IFN-γ and tumor necrosis factor (TNF), and via the expression of the cytolytic molecule granzyme B [15].Analysis of the results showed that IFN-γ (rs12369470) CC genotype was significantly associated with susceptibility to BKV infection,it means Polymorphisms in the IFN-γ gene may confer certain protection or predisposition for BKV infection [16].Currently, the commonly used detection method includes detection of decoy cells in urine at cytological level, detection of DNA in urine and blood with polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and immunohistochemical examination [17] .Thus we want to find a new way to make an early diagnosis for BKVN with a rapid and effective detection method,as well, this method can intuitively reflect the severity of renal inflammation, highlighting the need for early intervention and therapy in clinical practice.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The copyright holder for this this version posted November 11, 2023. ; https://doi.org/10.1101/2023.11.07.566078 doi: bioRxiv preprint infection,it means Polymorphisms in the IFN-γ gene may confer certain protection or predisposition for BKV infection [16].Currently, the commonly used detection method includes detection of decoy cells in urine at cytological level, detection of DNA in urine and blood with polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and immunohistochemical examination [17] .Thus we want to find a new way to make an early diagnosis for BKVN with a rapid and effective detection method,as well, this method can intuitively reflect the severity of renal inflammation, highlighting the need for early intervention and therapy in clinical practice.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The change of lymphocyte subsets and inflammatory cytokine in BK viruria

Jiang,

Yuan,

Chen

et al. 2023

Preprint

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BackgroundPolyomavirus BK (BKV) infection as a serious complication after kidney transplantation. The process of infections in kidney transplant recipients is viruria, viremia, and BKVAN. The difference between BK negative and BK viruria in kidney recipients has not been defined.Patients and MethodsWe compared post-transplant lymphocyte subsets 、blood cytokines、urine cytokines levels of 19 renal transplant outpatients with (BK-positive) or without BK viruria (BK-negative, n=20), and 20 healthy controls (HCs). Group of BK-positive divide into low-(n=4) and high-level (n=15) According to BK viral load (VL).Immune cells including T cells, B cells, and natural killer (NK) cells、interleukin-2(IL-2),IL-5,IL-6, IL-1β, IL-10, IL-8, IL-17A,IL-4,IL-12P70, interferon-α(IFN-α), IFN-γ,and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)were determined by flow cytometry.ResultsBK-positive patients showed higher urine IL-1β (P=0.040), IL-10 (P=0.010), IFN-γ (P=0.002), and TNF-α (P=0.027) than BK-negative patients. Compared with HCs, BK-negative patients had lower urine IL-1β (P=0.04), IL-10 (P=0.01), TNF-α (P=0.027) and IFN-γ (P=0.004),suggesting that cytokine expression regulation BK-infection.ConclusionBK-positive renal transplant recipients, especially those with high VL, showed strong inflammatory cytokine responses with increases of urine IL-1β, IL-10, IFN-γ, and TNF-α. Our data suggest that monocyte- and Th-2-induced cytokines are involved in the pathogenesis of BKV-associated nephropathy.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The change of lymphocyte subsets and inflammatory cytokine in BK viruria

Jiang,

Yuan,

Chen

et al. 2023

Preprint

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“…In general, BKV and JCV can be detected in urine, whole blood, plasma, serum, tissues and rarely in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) 2 . The diagnostic methods include cytological examination, immunofluorescent staining, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) 7 - 9 . The latter is the method of choice to detect active BKV replication in urine or blood since anti-BKV antibodies detection is not helpful and viral isolation is time-consuming 6 .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A globally applicable PCR-based detection and discrimination of BK and JC polyomaviruses

Souza¹,

Savassi‐Ribas

Almeida³

et al. 2018

Rev. Inst. Med. trop. S. Paulo

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BKV and JCV belong to the Polyomaviridae family and are opportunistic agents associated with complications in immunocompromised individuals. Although a single screening assay for both viruses would be convenient, the diversity of BKV and JCV serotypes and genotypes is a methodological challenge. In this paper, we developed a PCR method able to detect and segregate BKV and JCV, despite these genetic discrepancies. A duplex semi-nested PCR (duplex snPCR) was designed to target a conserved region (639nt-1516nt) within the VP2 gene. In the first PCR, a primer set common to all BKV and JCV serotypes/ genotypes was used, followed by a semi-nested PCR with internal primers for BKV and JCV segregation. The limit of detection of the duplex snPCR was as low as 10 copies of BKV or JCV plasmids/μL. Specific products were observed when JCV and BKV plasmids were mixed in the same reaction. In field sample testing, the duplex snPCR detected and distinguished both viruses in different biological samples. Results were confirmed by Sanger's sequencing. The geographical complexity of BKV and JCV serotypes and genotypes imposes limits to a simple and universal method that could detect each virus. However, we describe here a sensitive and reliable PCR technique for BKV and JCV diagnosis that overcomes these limitations and could be universally applied.

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