Clinical significance of serum interleukin-29, interleukin-32, and tumor necrosis factor alpha levels in patients with gastric cancer

Abstract

Many studies suggested that cytokines interleukin (IL)-29, IL-32, and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) are implicated in the pathogenesis of malignancies. The purpose of this study was to determine the clinical significance of the serum levels of IL-29, IL-32, and TNF-α in gastric cancer (GC) patients. Fifty-eight GC patients and 20 age- and sex-matched healthy controls were enrolled into this study. The median age at diagnosis was 59.5 years (range 32-82 years). Tumor localization of the majority of the patients was antrum (n = 42, 72.4 %), and tumor histopathology of the majority of the patients was diffuse (n = 43, 74.1 %). The majority of the patients had stage IV disease (n = 41, 70.7 %). Thirty-six (62.1 %) patients had lymph node involvement. The median follow-up time was 66 months (range 1 to 97.2 months). The baseline serum IL-29 concentrations were not different between patients and controls (p = 0.627). The baseline serum IL-32 and TNF-α concentrations of the GC patients were significantly higher (for IL-32, p = 0.014; for TNF-α, p = 0.001). Gender, localization, histopathology, tumor, and lymph node involvement were not found to be correlated with serum IL-29, IL-32, and TNF-α concentrations (p > 0.05). Patients without metastasis (p = 0.01) and patients who responded to chemotherapy (p = 0.04) had higher serum IL-29 concentrations. Patients older than 60 years had higher serum IL-32 (p = 0.002). Serum IL-29, IL-32, and TNF-α levels were not associated with outcome (p = 0.30, p = 0.51, and p = 0.41, respectively). In conclusion, serum levels of IL-32 and TNF-α may be diagnostic markers, and serum IL-29 levels may be associated with good prognosis in patients with GC.

Local and Systemic Interleukin-32 in Esophageal, Gastric, and Colorectal Cancers: Clinical and Diagnostic Significance

“…In line with a pro-inflammatory character of the interleukin and inflammation-related nature of investigated cancers [ 15 ], all patients had higher serum interleukin concentration than healthy individuals. While this finding corroborates previous observations regarding the GIT cancers [ 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 ], here we showed it to have a diagnostic significance. The interleukin displayed an excellent accuracy in discriminating between non-cancer controls and ESCC and GC patients, which was accompanied by very good sensitivity and specificity.…”

“…The IL32-immunopositivity has been associated with greater depth of tumor invasion, lymph node involvement, and venous invasion [ 35 ], which we failed to observe in our cohort, either at protein or mRNA level. However, like in our patients, no significant association with the disease advancement or patient outcome has been noted for serum IL-32 [ 26 ]. In turn, serum IL-32 has tended to be more elevated in cardiac than distal GC [ 26 ].…”

Interleukin-29 Enhances Synovial Inflammation and Cartilage Degradation in Osteoarthritis

“…Within the joint, IL-29 and its receptor were located at FLS and macrophages, two main cell types in the inflamed synovium responsible for the inflammation and cartilage and bone damage in the joint. Abnormal IL-29 was also found in RA [ 1 ], SLE [ 11 ], gastric cancer [ 17 ], or other diseases. Similar to RA, in this study, we did not find a significant correlation between IL-29 in serum and OA disease activity (data not shown).…”

Serum level of Interleukin 29 in verruca vulgaris: Case control study

“…In addition to its antiviral role, IL-29 was found to also have anti-proliferative effect on keratinocytes in psoriasis [15] and in some malignancies as well as apoptotic and antiangiogenic effects [16].…”

“…They also found that patients without metastasis had higher serum IL-29 level than those with metastasis supporting anti-angiogenic characteristics of IL-29. The anti-proliferative and apoptotic effects of IL-29 are due to stimulating phosphorylation of the Janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription (JAK/STAT) pathways that result in growth inhibitory signals [16]. We hypothesize that the increased serum IL-29 level in our patients with verruca vulgaris occurred as a result of chronic infection with HPV in a similar way it occurred in chronic HCV infection and we suggest that the positive feedback loop observed in HCV and HSV-1 infections that enhances IL-29 level may be responsible for the statistically significant difference between our patients and controls.…”