Clinical significance of serum S100 in metastatic malignant melanoma

Guo, Hua; Stoffel‐Wagner, Birgit; Bierwirth, T.; Mezger, J.; Klingmüller, Dietrich

doi:10.1016/0959-8049(95)00087-y

Cited by 70 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…20 Serial measurements reveal that rising levels predict for progression of disease, and decline and/or lack of increase predict for clinical regression of disease in response to therapy. 18,19,[21][22][23] Our study confirms several of these observations, including the high proportion of patients with disseminated disease having elevations of serum S100B (7/14), the low proportion with elevated levels in the absence of measurable melanoma (1/31), the prognostic predictive value of serum S100B levels for PFS and OS, and the apparent superiority of S100B over LDH as a tumor marker in metastatic melanoma. 19,24 At this time, only LDH is accepted as a tumor marker in the United States.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Lack of Elevation of Serum S100B in Patients with Metastatic Melanoma as a Predictor of Outcome After Induction with an Autologous Vaccine of Proliferating Tumor Cells and Dendritic Cells

Schiltz

Dillman²,

Korse³

et al. 2008

Cancer Biotherapy and Radiopharmaceuticals

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Serum levels of S100B and/or lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) are putative tumor markers in melanoma. Early changes in such markers may correlate with a positive immune response to vaccine therapy. In patients with metastatic melanoma, S100B and LDH serum levels were measured at baseline, and 1 week after 3 weekly subcutaneous injections of investigational, patient-specific vaccines consisting of autologous dendritic cells loaded with antigens from irradiated proliferating autologous tumor cells, and suspended in granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor. There was a poor correlation between S100B and LDH levels at baseline (p = 0.324). Fourteen (14) patients with measurable disease had higher S100B (p = 0.0456) and LDH (p = 0.0013) levels than 31 patients who lacked measurable disease at that time. Fourteen (14) deceased patients (median survival, 13 months) had a mean baseline S100B of 0.62 mug/L (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.00-1.66) and LDH of 815 U/L (95% CI 222-1408); 31 surviving patients (median follow-up, 35.4 months) had mean S100B of 0.07 mug/L (95% CI 0.00-0.23; p = 0.006) and LDH of 442 U/L (95% CI 296-588; p = 0.002). Elevated baseline levels of LDH and S100B were each predictive of inferior progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) (both p < 0.0001), but S100B was a better predictor for PFS than LDH. Changes in LDH between baseline and week 4 were not predictive of survival, but an increase in S100B predicted for inferior OS ( p = 0.039). Both LDH and S100B are predictive tumor markers in patients with metastatic melanoma. This is the first study to examine the changes in serum levels of LDH and S100B in response to an autologous tumor-cell vaccine.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Lack of Elevation of Serum S100B in Patients with Metastatic Melanoma as a Predictor of Outcome After Induction with an Autologous Vaccine of Proliferating Tumor Cells and Dendritic Cells

Schiltz

Dillman²,

Korse³

et al. 2008

Cancer Biotherapy and Radiopharmaceuticals

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“…The percentage of patients with increased S100b in stage IV has been quoted as 47.8% (JaÈ ckel et al 1999), 67.9% (Hauschild et al 1999c), 73.9% (Guo et al 1995) and 79.4% (Henze et al 1997). We detected increased serum concentrations in 36 of 62 samples from patients in stage IV (58.1%).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 50%

“…The development of an immunoluminometric assay (LIA-mat Sangtec 100), which was used in the present study, has increased the sensitivity at least tenfold (BonfreÁ r et al 1998). As the stage increases, more patients with serum concentrations above the cut-o level of 15 lg/l or 0.2 lg/l [if a radioimmunoassay (Sangtec IRMA) is used] can be detected (Guo et al 1995;Abraha et al 1997;Seregni et al 1998;KraÈ hn et al 1998;Hauschild et al 1999a, c).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serum protein S100β in patients with malignant melanoma detected by an immunoluminometric assay

Wollina¹,

Karte²,

Hipler³

et al. 2000

Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology

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S100 protein is well established as a diagnostic tool in malignant melanoma immunohistology. In this study we measured S100beta in serum with a recently developed luminometric immunoassay with a detection limit of 0.02 microg/l. By measuring S-100beta in a group of apparently healthy individuals a mean value of 0.031 +/- 0.026 microg/l was found. In the reference group, serum S100beta was below 0.12 microg/l in all cases. To assess the sensitivity of the assay we investigated serum S-100beta levels in 371 serum samples of 315 patients with histological proven malignant melanoma at different disease stages. Staging was performed according to the German Society of Dermatology classification. Significant differences were observed between the control group and stages IIb (P = 0.01) and IV (P = 0.001). In tumour-bearing patients of stages IIIb and IV, the difference was highly significant (P < 0.0001). S100beta > 0.20 microg/l helps to distinguish between tumour-free and tumour-bearing patients with a specificity of 97.0% and a sensitivity of 64.6%. Our results demonstrate the serum S100beta is of limited value as a melanoma marker. However, it has clinical significance for identifying tumour-positive patients in advanced malignant melanoma stages III and IV.

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“…131,245 Luminoimmunometric assay is preferred over immunoradiometric because of its lack of radioactivity, good reproducibility, and higher sensitivity compared with immunoradiometric. 131,245 Levels of S-100-b have been found to increase in a stage-dependent manner (stage I/II 0%-12.0%, stage III 8.7%-31%, stage IV 48%-100%), [271][272][273][274][275] correlate with metastatic tumor burden, 275,276 have been proposed to be an independent prognostic factor, [277][278][279][280][281] and decrease in response to therapy. 275,277,282,283 In the detection of early metastatic disease, S-100-b levels have a sensitivity and specificity of approximately 74% to 94% and 83% to 91%, respectively, 265,273,281,284,285 which was found to be more predictive than levels of MIA, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and albumin.…”

Section: Detection Of Minimal Residual Disease In Clinical Stage I Tomentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular diagnostics in melanoma

Carlson

Ross

Slominski

et al. 2005

Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology

132

106

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Clinical significance of serum S100 in metastatic malignant melanoma

Cited by 70 publications

References 15 publications

Lack of Elevation of Serum S100B in Patients with Metastatic Melanoma as a Predictor of Outcome After Induction with an Autologous Vaccine of Proliferating Tumor Cells and Dendritic Cells

Lack of Elevation of Serum S100B in Patients with Metastatic Melanoma as a Predictor of Outcome After Induction with an Autologous Vaccine of Proliferating Tumor Cells and Dendritic Cells

Serum protein S100β in patients with malignant melanoma detected by an immunoluminometric assay

Molecular diagnostics in melanoma

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