Clinical signs and histopathology associated with domoic acid poisoning in northern fur seals (Callorhinus ursinus) and comparison of toxin detection methods

Lefebvre, Kathi A.; Robertson, Alison; Frame, Elizabeth R.; Colegrove, Kathleen M.; Nance, Shelly L.; Baugh, Keri A.; Wiedenhoft, Heather; Gulland, Frances M. D.

doi:10.1016/j.hal.2010.01.007

Cited by 50 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Samples were screened for harmful algal bloom (HAB) biotoxins, specifically domoic acid and saxitoxin, at the Marine Biotoxin Program at the Northwest Fisheries Science Center, using enzyme-linked im munosorbent assays (ELISA) (Lefebvre et al 2010). Samples tested in cluded urine, stomach contents, feces, serum, milk, amniotic fluid, and abdominal fluid, which were collected and subsequently frozen at −80°C.…”

Section: Ancillary Testingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The supernatant was filtered and samples were stored at 4°C until analysis, typically within 1 to 3 d after extraction. Domoic acid quantification was carried out using Biosense ® ELISA (Biosense ® Laboratories), and saxitoxin was quantified using Abraxis ELISA kits (Abraxis LLC) according to the manufacturers' instructions, with modifications made to the minimum extract dilutions to avoid matrix effects (Costa et al 2009, Lefebvre et al 2010). …”

Section: Ancillary Testingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Morbidity and mortality in stranded Cook Inlet beluga whales Delphinapterus leucas

Burek‐Huntington¹,

Dushane²,

Goertz³

et al. 2015

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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The endangered Cook Inlet (Alaska, USA) stock of beluga whales Delphinapterus leucas declined 47% between 1994 and 1998, from an estimated 653 whales to 347 whales, with a continued decline to approximately 312 in 2012. Between 1998 and 2013, 164 known dead strandings were reported by the National Marine Fisheries Service. Only 38 of these animals, or 23% of the known stranded carcasses, were necropsied. Carcasses were found between April and October. The majority of animals necropsied were adults (n = 25), followed by juveniles (n = 6), calves (n = 3), and aborted fetuses (n = 4). Eight of the 11 mature females were pregnant, post-partum, or lactating. Many (82%) of these belugas were in moderate to advanced autolysis, which hampered determination of a cause of death (COD). Each animal had a single primary COD assigned within a broad set of categories. The CODs were unknown (29%), trauma (18%), perinatal mortality (13%), mass stranding (13%), single stranding (11%), malnutrition (8%), or disease (8%). Other disease processes were coded as contributory or incidental to COD. Multiple animals had mild to moderate verminous pneumonia due to Stenurus arctomarinus, renal granulomas due to Crassicauda giliakiana, and ulcerative gastritis due to Anisakis sp. Each stranding affords a unique opportunity to obtain natural history data and evidence of human interactions, and, by long-term monitoring, to characterize pathologies of importance to individual and population health.

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Section: Ancillary Testingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Ancillary Testingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morbidity and mortality in stranded Cook Inlet beluga whales Delphinapterus leucas

Burek‐Huntington¹,

Dushane²,

Goertz³

et al. 2015

Dis. Aquat. Org.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…This trend is particularly concerning for declining and depleted wildlife populations (Durbin et al 2002), providing the need to understand what factors most influence exposure to these toxins. Marine mammal exposure to algal toxins has been examined through sampling prey and fecal remains of actively foraging or live-captured animals (Doucette et al 2006, plankton and nearshore bivalves in areas near mortality events (Scholin et al 2000), and feces or stomach contents of ill or deceased animals (Lefebvre et al 1999(Lefebvre et al , 2010. However, the potential for year-round exposure through the food web has not been examined.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Year-round algal toxin exposure in free-ranging sea lions

Akmajian¹,

Scordino²,

Acevedo‐Gutiérrez³

2017

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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Harmful algal bloom toxins cause illness and mortality in marine mammals worldwide, yet the potential for year-round exposure to these toxins has not previously been studied. We measured concentrations of domoic acid and saxitoxin in scats from Steller sea lions Eumetopias jubatus (n = 383 scats) and California sea lions Zalophus californianus (n = 125 scats) over a 2 yr period. Toxin concentrations in the scats were compared to the prey remains in the scats and to concentrations in nearshore bivalves. Saxitoxin was detected in 45% and domoic acid was detected in 17% of all scats tested, and both toxins were detected in all seasons and months of the year. A variety of benthic and pelagic fish were significantly associated with toxins in sea lion scats, including prey with low occurrence in the sea lions' diet. Toxins detected in winter scats confirm that US West Coast marine mammals are exposed to domoic acid and saxitoxin through their prey outside of the expected algal bloom seasons.

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“…When available, feces and urine were sampled for biotoxin (domoic acid and saxitoxin) analysis at the NMFS biotoxin lab (Seattle, Washington). Algal toxins were quantified in extracts using the antibody-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, as described by Lefebvre et al (2010). Skin samples were submitted to Southwest Fisheries Science Center (La Jolla, California) to support ongoing genetic studies, and duplicate genetic samples were archived by the collecting organization.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increased harbor porpoise mortality in the Pacific Northwest, USA: understanding when higher levels may be normal

Huggins¹,

Raverty²,

Norman³

et al. 2015

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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Clinical signs and histopathology associated with domoic acid poisoning in northern fur seals (Callorhinus ursinus) and comparison of toxin detection methods

Cited by 50 publications

References 29 publications

Morbidity and mortality in stranded Cook Inlet beluga whales Delphinapterus leucas

Morbidity and mortality in stranded Cook Inlet beluga whales Delphinapterus leucas

Year-round algal toxin exposure in free-ranging sea lions

Increased harbor porpoise mortality in the Pacific Northwest, USA: understanding when higher levels may be normal

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