Clinical Study of Vertical Strabismus Among Patients Attending Squint Clinic –Makkah Eye Hospital –Khartoum

Elabdeen, Rofieda Hago Zain; Ibrahim, Samira Mohammed

doi:10.36437/irmhs.2019.2.5.u

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Previous studies conducted among the Sudanese population have primarily focused on assessing the prevalence and distribution of the main types of binocular vision disorders [7,8]. Another study described the clinical features of vertical strabismus [15]. However, there is no available data on the other types of binocular vision anomalies among Sudanese individuals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical features of Sudanese patients presenting with binocular vision anomalies: A hospital-based study

Alrasheed,

Osman,

Aljohani

et al. 2023

JMedLife

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Binocular vision anomalies are major causes of asthenopia symptoms, particularly among the younger population. This study aimed to report the clinical characteristics of Sudanese patients with binocular disorders who attended the orthoptic clinic at Al-Neelain Eye Hospital. In this retrospective hospital-based study, we analyzed data from 304 patients with binocular vision anomalies who visited the orthoptic clinic between October 2020 and June 2021. We collected information on demographics, symptoms, and eye tests such as visual acuity (VA), refractive error (RE), angle of deviation, and the assessment of fusional vergence. Our findings indicated that exophoria was the most common binocular vision anomaly, affecting 79.8% of males and 71.6% of females (p=0.731). Children between 6 and 17 years old showed the highest prevalence of exophoria (75.9%) (p=0.0001). Among patients with exophoria, 100% reported itching associated with tearing during fixation, while 89.5% experienced difficulty in fixation. Refractive error varied by the type of binocular vision disorders (p=0.0001), with higher hyperopia observed in cases of unilateral esotropia and alternate esotropia (+3.571±1.238 D and +3.023±1.553 D, respectively). Positive fusional vergence (PFV) differed by types of binocular vision disorders (p=0.0001) with high PFV in esophoria (18.063±6.848∆) compared to low PFV in exophoria (12.80±5.313∆). The most common types of exophoria were convergence weakness exophoria (45.39%), followed by convergence insufficiency (20.39%). The study concluded that exophoria was the most common binocular vision anomaly among Sudanese patients, with convergence weakness and convergence insufficiency being the predominant anomalies. Headache was commonly prevalent among patients with binocular vision problems. Higher hyperopia was found in esodeviation, while low PFV was associated with exodeviation.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical features of Sudanese patients presenting with binocular vision anomalies: A hospital-based study

Alrasheed,

Osman,

Aljohani

et al. 2023

JMedLife

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“…Strabismus, also known as squint, is the deviation of the visual axis from an impeccable point of fixation. 1 Strabismus can be categorized as horizontal or vertical, comitant or non comitant. 2 Management of Strabismus is categorized into conservative treatments and strabismus surgeries.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strabismus Surgery with Adjustable Suture Technique in Patients with Horizontal Strabismus

Hassan,

Noorani,

Jabeen

et al. 2023

PAFMJ

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Objective: To evaluate the outcomes of squint surgery with adjustable sutures in patients with horizontal Strabismus. Study Design: Quasi-experimental study. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus, Al-Shifa Trust Eye Hospital, Rawalpindi Pakistan, from Jul 2016 to Jun 2018. Methodology: Adult patients with horizontal Strabismus and co-operative enough were selected for squint surgery with adjustable sutures. Squint surgery was performed under general anaesthesia. The recessed muscle was attached to the insertion site with hang back technique with a bow tie knot if required adjustment (further recession or advancement) was performed on the first post-operative day under topical anaesthesia. Preoperative, pre and post-adjustment and final postoperative orthoptic assessment were recorded. Results: One hundred thirty-two patients were selected for strabismus surgery with adjustable sutures. Eighteen patients (13.6%) had a history of previous strabismus surgery. 75(56.8%) patients required post-operative adjustment of sutures. Orthophoria was achieved in 107(81.1%) and residual exotropia of less than 10pd in 25(18.9%) patients. Desired surgical outcome of orthophoria or the residual squint of less than 10 prism diopters was achieved in 100% of patients. Conclusion: A positive surgical outcome was observed in our patients, and the second surgery for residual or consecutive squint was avoided.

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Gender differences in horizontal strabismus: Systematic review and meta-analysis shows no difference in prevalence, but gender bias towards females in the clinic

Laughton,

Hagen,

Yang

et al. 2023

J Glob Health

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Background Strabismus is a misalignment of the visual axis that affects 2-3% of the population and can lead to loss of binocular vision. It is currently controversial whether there is a gender difference in the most common form of visual misalignment: horizontal strabismus. Some studies claimed that more females than males have an outward deviation (exotropia), while others concluded that there is no significant gender difference. No previous work has systematically explored gender differences in horizontal strabismus or has compared the results of population-based studies with those of clinic-based studies. Methods We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies reporting the prevalence of horizontal strabismus. We included 73 population-based studies and compared their disclosed gender population with that in 141 comparable clinical-based studies. We analysed the data according to gender, strabismus type (esotropia, exotropia), and geographic region/ethnicity. Results Summary statistics showed a nearly identical prevalence of horizontal strabismus (2.558% for males, 2.582% for females), esotropia (1.386% males vs. 1.377% females), and of exotropia (1.035% males vs. 1.043% females). Meta-analysis results showed that these differences between males and females were not statistically significant (odds ratio (OR) = 1.01; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.97-1.10), but that females were significantly more frequent (by 7.50%) in clinic-based studies than males, with 5.00% more females for esotropia, and 12.20% more females for exotropia when adjusted for the population’s sex ratio. The extent of the female gender bias differed between geographic regions/societies, with Asians having the lowest bias towards females and Latin American countries having the strongest bias. Conclusions Males and females have the same prevalence of horizontal strabismus, including exotropia. Females with strabismus seek health care or are brought to clinics significantly more often than males. This is an example of gender bias in health care in favour of females rather than males, apparently because parents – erroneously fearing only cosmetic consequences – are more concerned about strabismus in their daughters than their sons. Societal attitudes towards females, as well as economic factors (insurance status), appear to be relevant factors that determine the magnitude of the gender bias in horizontal strabismus.

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Clinical Study of Vertical Strabismus Among Patients Attending Squint Clinic –Makkah Eye Hospital –Khartoum

Cited by 3 publications

References 14 publications

Clinical features of Sudanese patients presenting with binocular vision anomalies: A hospital-based study

Clinical features of Sudanese patients presenting with binocular vision anomalies: A hospital-based study

Strabismus Surgery with Adjustable Suture Technique in Patients with Horizontal Strabismus

Gender differences in horizontal strabismus: Systematic review and meta-analysis shows no difference in prevalence, but gender bias towards females in the clinic

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