Clinical Study: Oxidative Stress in Chronic Renal Failure

Abstract

This study focuses on the oxidative stress in patients with severe chronic renal failure who are not undergoing dialysis treatment. The erythocyte levels, creatinine clearing and plasma- and cell activities of the following enzymes were determined: glutathione peroxidase (Gpx), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione reductase (GR), and glutathione transferase (GT). The concentrations of non-enzyme molecules such as total glutathione in both oxidized and reduced forms, and malonyldialdehyde (MDA) were also measured. The obtained values were compared with those in healthy blood donors of comparable age and social status. The results indicate that chronic renal patients have lower glutathione levels and reduced activities of glutathione peroxidase and of glutathione reductase, while exhibiting elevated levels of malonyldialdehyde and activities of superoxide dismutase, glutathione transferase, and catalase. Finally, creatinine clearing was found to be correlated (p < 0.001) to total (oxidized and reduced) glutathione, Gpx and MDA. These observations may serve to establish a simple protocol for evaluation of renal function.

Prooxidative-Antioxidative Balance of Cells in Different Types of Renal Replacement Therapy

“…In our study the highest activity of CAT was obtained in conservatively treated CKD3-5 patients. The same results were obtained by Martin-Mateo et al [25]; in their research, CAT activity was significantly higher in non-dialysed patients with CKD compared to healthy controls. Patients on PD had a similar activity of CAT compared to conservatively treated patients and HD patients before the dialysis session.…”

Selenium (Se), Blood Glutathione Peroxidases and DNA Damage in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients on Hemodialysis and After Kidney Transplantation - The Effect of Se Supplementation

“…Studies on red blood cell GSH-Px activity in CKD patients produced inconsistent results. Some authors found significantly lower (Zachara et al, 2001a;2004a;Bulucu et al, 2000;Martin-Mateo et al, 1999), some -significantly higher (Ceballos-Picot et al, 1996;Mimic-Oka et al, 1992) and still others did not observe any differences (Zachara et al, 2004b;Temple et al, 2000). It can be concluded that bone marrow in CKD patients is not damaged and the synthesis of this enzyme does not deviate from the norm.…”

Characterization of a Rat Model of Moderate Chronic Renal Failure—Focus on Hematological, Biochemical, and Cardio-Renal Profiles

“…[28,29] Other factors have been studied to clarify the causes of this hypertension, including high levels of vasoconstrictors, oxidative stress or nitric oxide (NO) reduction. [6,[26][27][28][29][30][31] In CRF patients, oxidative stress and inflammation could play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of the atherosclerosis, malnutrition, and anaemia. In our model of moderate renal failure, the redox state seems to be unaltered (MDA/TAS ratio was unchanged), which might be due to a proper compensation of ROS formation by antioxidants.…”