Clinical Toxoplasmosis in Dogs and Cats: An Update

Calero‐Bernal, Rafael; Gennari, Solange Maria

doi:10.3389/fvets.2019.00054

Cited by 109 publications

(103 citation statements)

References 91 publications

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“…The most frequent serological titer for T. gondii in the whole period of the study was 1:256 (22.3% of the positive dogs) (Figure 2A Supplementary Material), similar to the study by Boa Sorte et al 2015; this value was higher than those in other studies (Garcia et al, 1999;Mascolli et al, 2015;Benitez et al, 2017a). T. gondii infection in dogs is predominantly asymptomatic (Calero-Bernal & Gennari, 2019), and according to Camargo (1974), low titers indicate a chronic or recent infection. In the present study, 22.3% (72/323) of the positive dogs had low titers (up to 1:64).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 84%

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Seroprevalence and incidence of Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum infection in naturally exposed domestic dogs from a rural area of São Paulo state, Brazil

Sevá

Chiebáo

Brandão

et al. 2020

Rev. Bras. Parasitol. Vet.

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Dogs are hosts of the protozoans Toxoplasma gondii, which causes an important public health disease, and Neospora caninum. Studies that have evaluated toxoplasmosis and neosporosis for prolonged periods in dog populations are rare. We analyzed infection by both parasites in a domestic dog population over three consecutive years in São Paulo state, Brazil. In the 1st, 2nd and 3rd years of collection, 181, 193 and 172 domiciles were visited, and blood samples of 331, 371 and 348 dogs were collected for antibody serology, respectively. The seroprevalence of T. gondii in each year was 27.2%, 22.5% and 43.9%, respectively, and that of N. caninum was 7.8%, 4.8% and 6.8%, respectively. The incidence rates for T. gondii in the 2nd and 3rd collections were 13.2% and 30.0%, and those for N. caninum were 3.3% and 4.4%, respectively. Positive and negative serological conversions for both agents occurred at high frequencies during the study period. This study reveals the canine population’s serological profile and demonstrates the constant exposure of dogs to the investigated pathogens, indicating the need for prevention and control measures in the region.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 84%

“…The number of positive dogs born between the 2 nd and 3 rd collection was 7.2% (11/71). There is no solid evidence of congenital infection of T. gondii in dogs (Dubey, 2010;Calero-Bernal & Gennari, 2019).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seroprevalence and incidence of Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum infection in naturally exposed domestic dogs from a rural area of São Paulo state, Brazil

Sevá

Chiebáo

Brandão

et al. 2020

Rev. Bras. Parasitol. Vet.

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“…A large number of T. gondii genotypes has been identified, which can show different virulence, but no specific genotype is associated with a certain clinical outcome or presentation [25]. Thus, the outcome of an infection might be influenced by additional factors, such as genetic polymorphism of the host, as described in humans [18] [34], immunological status, infection dose, co-infection rates, and geographical location (understood as genetic variant distribution) [3].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxoplasma gondii-associated cholecystitis in a cat receiving immunosuppressive treatment

Piccolo

Busch

Palić

et al. 2019

Tierarztl Prax Ausg K

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A 9-year-old female neutered domestic shorthair cat diagnosed with immune-mediated thrombocytopenia that was treated with prednisolone and cyclosporine, was presented for anorexia, vomiting, increased liver enzymes, and hyperbilirubinemia. Abdominal ultrasound revealed a markedly thickened gallbladder and common bile duct wall. Bile cytology detected severe neutrophilic inflammation and protozoal zoites. Suspected Toxoplasma gondii infection was confirmed by real-time PCR of bile. The cat was treated with clindamycin and ursodeoxycholic acid for 6 weeks, recovered and remained stable for 2 years despite ongoing immunosuppressive treatment. Thereafter, the cat was presented with suspicion of intestinal lymphoma, and recurrence of toxoplasmosis was diagnosed. Following treatment with clindamycin and prednisolone over 4 weeks the cat was euthanized. This is the first report of Toxoplasma gondii zoites detected in bile fluid from a cat with cholecystitis. Pathogenesis of toxoplasmosis in cats is still not fully understood. Although immunosuppression can represent a relevant predisposing factor, other factors, such as virulence of the parasite and genetic polymorphism of the host, can also play an important role. Toxoplasmosis should be included as a differential diagnosis in cats developing clinical signs of an inflammatory disease while receiving immunosuppressive treatment.

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“…Companion animals like dogs and cats have been implicated in the spread of toxoplasmosis worldwide [59]. While pets can be found in several Ghanaian homes, there is scanty data on the role these pets play in the transmission of zoonoses [54].…”

Section: Toxoplasmosis In Companion Animalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxoplasmosis in Humans and Animals in Ghana (1962 – 2020): A Review

Reynolds

2020

IJTDH

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Toxoplasmosis is a worldwide zoonosis caused by the ubiquitous, Apicomplexan parasite, Toxoplasma gondii. This disease remains a significant aetiologic factor in pregnant women and HIV patients. In Sub-Saharan African countries like Ghana, the low antiviral therapy coverage exacerbates the risk of HIV-related mortality resulting from concurrent infections like toxoplasmosis. This paper reviews published data on toxoplasmosis in both humans and animals in Ghana. Serological surveys in humans indicate high prevalence of toxoplasmosis (up to 92.5%) in a cross-section of Ghanaians, including pregnant women and their neonates, blood donors, as well as HIV and eye patients. Limited data from epidemiological surveys also show Toxoplasma infections in four food animals, with the prevalence ranging from 7.5% to as high as 64%. Molecular analyses in animals have also revealed three novel genotypes, TgCkGh1, TgCkGh2 and TgCtGh1. There are, however, no reports in other food animals like dogs, cattle and grass cutters in Ghana. The role of environmental matrices in the epidemiology of the disease also needs to be investigated. There is paucity of data in the Northern part of Ghana, with most reports concentrated on Southern Ghana, thus necessitating nationwide surveys under a ‘One-Health’ concept to inform management of the disease. Policies which mandate screening of expectant mothers and blood donors are recommended to limit disease transmission in Ghana.

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Clinical Toxoplasmosis in Dogs and Cats: An Update

Cited by 109 publications

References 91 publications

Seroprevalence and incidence of Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum infection in naturally exposed domestic dogs from a rural area of São Paulo state, Brazil

Seroprevalence and incidence of Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum infection in naturally exposed domestic dogs from a rural area of São Paulo state, Brazil

Toxoplasma gondii-associated cholecystitis in a cat receiving immunosuppressive treatment

Toxoplasmosis in Humans and Animals in Ghana (1962 – 2020): A Review

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