Clinical Translation and Regulations of Theranostics

Clancy, Mary K.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-407722-5.00023-2

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Based on the original published synthesis procedures, GGS NPs can be characterized as having two SPR bands: a 520 nm peak attributed to small spherical gold nanoparticles and an 800 nm peak contributed by a heterogeneous combination of predominately icosahedra, nanoplates, and irregularly shaped asymmetric nanoparticles [ 6 ]. To realistically receive approval from the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for ultimate in vivo applications, nanoparticle solutions must be homogenous and well characterized to ensure consistent particle performance [ 17 ]. This would facilitate accurate prediction of the biodistribution and ultimate fate of the nanoparticles, which is necessary for identifying effectiveness as well as potential health hazards and long-term toxicity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While these distinct fabrication procedures are in various stages of research and development with their own advantages, we proceed with a detailed analysis of conventional GGS NP fabrication to clarify unknown issues for potential future nanomedicine applications, namely, a thorough characterization and elucidation of the structure of these nanoparticles and their elemental composition, confirmation of the nanoparticulate species that predominately contributes to the NIR peak, and a closer examination of sample polydispersity and cellular toxicity. This will lead to future studies aimed at creating optimal monodisperse solutions in order to minimize undesirable toxicity [ 17 , 23 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characterization of Conventional One-Step Sodium Thiosulfate Facilitated Gold Nanoparticle Synthesis

et al. 2015

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Gold-gold sulfide nanoparticles are of interest for drug delivery, biomedical imaging, and photothermal therapy applications due to a facile synthesis method resulting in small particles with high near-infrared (NIR) absorption efficiency. Previous studies suggest that the NIR sensitivity of these nanoparticles was due to hexagonally shaped metal-coated dielectric nanoparticles that consist of a gold sulfide core and gold shell. Here, we illustrate that the conventional synthesis procedure results in the formation of polydisperse samples of icosahedral gold particles, gold nanoplates, and small gold spheres. Importantly, through compositional analysis, via UV/vis absorption spectrophotometry, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS), we show that all of the nanoparticles exhibit identical face center cubic (FCC) gold crystalline structures, thus suggesting that sulfide is not present in the final fabricated nanoparticles. We show that icosahedrally shaped nanoparticles result in a blue-shifted absorbance, with a peak in the visible range. Alternatively, the nanoplate nanoparticles result in the characteristic NIR absorbance peak. Thus, we report that the NIR-contributing species in conventional gold-gold sulfide formulations are nanoplates that are comprised entirely of gold. Furthermore, polydisperse gold nanoparticle samples produced by the traditional one-step reduction of HAuCl4 by sodium thiosulfate show increased in vitro toxicity, compared to isolated and more homogeneous constituent samples. This result exemplifies the importance of developing monodisperse nanoparticle formulations that are well characterized in order to expedite the development of clinically beneficial nanomaterials.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Conventional One-Step Sodium Thiosulfate Facilitated Gold Nanoparticle Synthesis

et al. 2015

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Limitations of Current Cancer Theranostics

Mhaske

Dighe

Ghosalkar

et al. 2021

Nanotechnology in the Life Sciences

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Clinical advances of nanocarrier-based cancer therapy and diagnostics

Luque-Michel

Imbuluzqueta

Sebastián

et al. 2016

Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery

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Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide and efficient new strategies are urgently needed to combat its high mortality and morbidity statistics. Fortunately, over the years, nanotechnology has evolved as a frontrunner in the areas of imaging, diagnostics and therapy, giving the possibility of monitoring, evaluating and individualizing cancer treatments in real-time. Areas covered: Polymer-based nanocarriers have been extensively studied to maximize cancer treatment efficacy and minimize the adverse effects of standard therapeutics. Regarding diagnosis, nanomaterials like quantum dots, iron oxide nanoparticles or gold nanoparticles have been developed to provide rapid, sensitive detection of cancer and, therefore, facilitate early treatment and monitoring of the disease. Therefore, multifunctional nanosystems with both imaging and therapy functionalities bring us a step closer to delivering precision/personalized medicine in the cancer setting. Expert opinion: There are multiple barriers for these new nanosystems to enter the clinic, but it is expected that in the near future, nanocarriers, together with new 'targeted drugs', could replace our current treatments and cancer could become a nonfatal disease with good recovery rates. Joint efforts between scientists, clinicians, the pharmaceutical industry and legislative bodies are needed to bring to fruition the application of nanosystems in the clinical management of cancer.

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Clinical Translation and Regulations of Theranostics

Cited by 3 publications

References 34 publications

Characterization of Conventional One-Step Sodium Thiosulfate Facilitated Gold Nanoparticle Synthesis

Characterization of Conventional One-Step Sodium Thiosulfate Facilitated Gold Nanoparticle Synthesis

Limitations of Current Cancer Theranostics

Clinical advances of nanocarrier-based cancer therapy and diagnostics

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