Clinical trials targeting the gut-microbiome to effect ocular health: a systematic review

Russell, Matthew W; Muste, Justin; Kuo, Blanche L; Wu, Anna K; Singh, Rishi P.

doi:10.1038/s41433-023-02462-7

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“… 13 Moreover, Gong et al 13 observed that the abundance of Megamonas was inversely related to the visual outcome, as evidenced by their findings. 12 , 69 This finding could potentially clarify the rationale behind the higher relative abundance of Megamonas in the myopes in this study.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 58%

Gut Microbiota Profiles in Myopes and Nonmyopes

Omar,

Singh,

McBain

et al. 2024

Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.

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Purpose To identify compositional differences in the gut microbiome of nonmyopes (NM) and myopes using 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing and to investigate whether the microbiome may contribute to the onset or progression of the condition. Methods Faecal samples were collected from 52 adult participants, of whom 23 were NM, 8 were progressive myopes (PM), and 21 were stable myopes (SM). The composition of the gut microbiota in each group was analysed using 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing. Results There were no significant differences in alpha and beta diversity between the three groups (NM, PM, and SM). However, the distributions of Bifidobacterium , Bacteroides , Megamonas , Faecalibacterium , Coprococcus , Dorea , Roseburia , and Blautia were significantly higher in the myopes (SM and PM combined) when compared with emmetropes. The myopes exhibited significantly greater abundance of bacteria that are linked to the regulation of dopaminergic signalling, such as Clostridium , Ruminococcus , Bifidobacterium , and Bacteroides . Individuals with stable myopia were found to have a significantly higher proportion of Prevotella copri than those with progressive myopia. Bifidobacterium adolescentis , a gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)–producing bacterium, was significantly higher in all myopes than in NM and, in the comparison between SM and PM, it is significantly higher in SM. B. uniformis and B. fragilis , both GABA-producing Bacteroides , were present in relatively high abundance in all myopes and in SM compared with PM, respectively. Conclusions The presence of bacteria related to dopamine effect and GABA-producing bacteria in the gut microbiome of myopes may suggest a role of these microorganisms in the onset and progression of myopia.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 58%

Gut Microbiota Profiles in Myopes and Nonmyopes

Omar,

Singh,

McBain

et al. 2024

Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.

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“…Based on these advantages, probiotics have been considered a potential treatment for various diseases associated with GM dysbiosis, including intestinal bowel syndrome, ulcerative colitis, rheumatoid arthritis, major depressive disorder, and even cancer [189][190][191][192]. Although in the context of eye disorders the evidence remains scarce, results from preclinical studies are promising, and preliminary data coming from human studies are encouraging the design of further clinical trials [193][194][195][196] (Table 1) [197][198][199][200][201][202][203][204][205][206][207][208][209][210][211][212][213]. There is evidence that mice with ocular inflammation receiving eye drops containing the cell-free supernatant of the probiotic Lactiplantibacillus plantarum show reduced ocular inflammation, lower amount of infiltrating inflammatory cells, and diminished levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IFN-γ [205].…”

Section: Probioticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Overall, the results from the preclinical studies are promising. However, the insufficient amount of clinical evidence highlights the need for large cohort randomized controlled trials to validate the preventive and therapeutic role of probiotics in the context of eye diseases [195]. Besides the gut-eye axis, studies investigating the direct effect of probiotics on the modulation of ocular surface microbiota are also required.…”

Section: Probioticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Targeting the Gut–Eye Axis: An Emerging Strategy to Face Ocular Diseases

Campagnoli,

Varesi,

Barbieri

et al. 2023

IJMS

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The human microbiota refers to a large variety of microorganisms (bacteria, viruses, and fungi) that live in different human body sites, including the gut, oral cavity, skin, and eyes. In particular, the presence of an ocular surface microbiota with a crucial role in maintaining ocular surface homeostasis by preventing colonization from pathogen species has been recently demonstrated. Moreover, recent studies underline a potential association between gut microbiota (GM) and ocular health. In this respect, some evidence supports the existence of a gut–eye axis involved in the pathogenesis of several ocular diseases, including age-related macular degeneration, uveitis, diabetic retinopathy, dry eye, and glaucoma. Therefore, understanding the link between the GM and these ocular disorders might be useful for the development of new therapeutic approaches, such as probiotics, prebiotics, symbiotics, or faecal microbiota transplantation through which the GM could be modulated, thus allowing better management of these diseases.

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“…Moreover, the proteomic and transcriptomic analysis suggested dysregulations in oxidative stress, NRF2-regulated antioxidant programs, WNT-signaling, TGF-β, ECM, and matrix metalloproteinases as possible causes of KC [38]. Nowadays, the study of the ocular microbiome is increasing, and more and more importance is given to the possible role of the normal microbiota of the ocular flora and even the link between the gastrointestinal microbiome [42,43] in the maintenance of homeostasis as well as its imbalance in the development of different ocular pathologies [44]. Therefore, the study of the ocular microbiota in patients suffering from KC can provide a new approach when it comes to having a better knowledge of this pathology.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ocular Surface Microbiota in Naïve Keratoconus: A Multicenter Validation Study

Rocha-de-Lossada,

Mazzotta,

Gabrielli

et al. 2023

JCM

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In the field of Ophthalmology, the mNGS 16S rRNA sequencing method of studying the microbiota and ocular microbiome is gaining more and more weight in the scientific community. This study aims to characterize the ocular microbiota of patients diagnosed with keratoconus who have not undergone any prior surgical treatment using the mNGS 16S rRNA sequencing method. Samples of naïve keratoconus patients were collected with an eNAT with 1 mL of Liquid Amies Medium (Copan Brescia, Italy), and DNA was extracted and analyzed with 16S NGS. The microbiota analysis showed a relative abundance of microorganisms at the phylum level in each sample collected from 38 patients with KC and 167 healthy controls. A comparison between healthy control and keratoconus samples identified two genera unique to keratoconus, Pelomonas and Ralstonia. Our findings suggest that alterations in the microbiota may play a role in the complex scenario of KC development.

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Clinical trials targeting the gut-microbiome to effect ocular health: a systematic review

Cited by 5 publications

References 58 publications

Gut Microbiota Profiles in Myopes and Nonmyopes

Gut Microbiota Profiles in Myopes and Nonmyopes

Targeting the Gut–Eye Axis: An Emerging Strategy to Face Ocular Diseases

Ocular Surface Microbiota in Naïve Keratoconus: A Multicenter Validation Study

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