Clinical types of hard palatal vault in people with various gnathic dental arches within physiologically optimal norm

The expansion of the most relevant priority fields in fundamental and applied medicine, along with the progress in modern dentistry and reconstructive maxillofacial surgery, requires in-depth understanding of the morphological and functional status of the maxillary alveolar process bone tissue and knowledge of the mandibular alveolar part, thus allowing selecting a reasonable treatment tactics for maxillofacial pathologies. Qualitative features of maxillary alveolar process microarchitectonics, angioarchitectonics, as well as the periodontal ligament arrangement at various levels of the teeth roots, histological and morphometric studies of bone tissue in the frontal and distal sections, as well as the maxillary segments of the maxillary medial incisors and the first molars were studied in 5 certified male cadavers with preserved dentition. The histological findings show, that the microarchitectonics of the maxillary alveolar process features a lamellar bone consists of plates that are adjacent tightly to each other. The bone plates orientation in the frontal section is longitudinal, while in the distal part it is along concentric circles located around the Haversian canals. The angioarchitectonics of the maxillary alveolar process features tubular structures, which run mainly perpendicular to the bone surface, with numerous anastomoses. As the morphometric analysis of the maxillary alveolar process vascular system shows, in the frontal section the number of vessels per 1 mm2 is 22.41± 1.76 - 22.87± 2.08; in the distal section − 23.94± 1.88 - 25.02±2.69 (p≤0.01); the average diameter of vessels in the frontal section is 25.34±2.45 microns – 26.06 ±3.17 microns, in the distal section − 25.72±2.31 microns – 26.14± 2.93 microns (p≤0.05); the average wall thickness in the frontal section is 1.43± 0.09 microns - 1.48± 0.12 microns, in the distal section − 1.50± 0.11 microns – 1.54± 0.14 microns (p≤ 0.01). The vestibular surface of the maxillary medial incisors at the level of the root gingival part, as well as the oral surface at the root apical level have been found to be zones of periodontal ligament compression, while the oral surface at the root gingival level and the vestibular surface at the root apical level – zones of the periodontal ligament stretching. At the root gingival level of the first maxillary molars, the medial and vestibular surfaces are zones of the periodontal ligament compression, whereas the oral and the distal surfaces stand as the zones of the periodontal ligament stretching. As a quantitative assessment showed, the structural elements of the medial incisors periodontal ligament, and the first maxillary molars had loose connective tissue – taken by its specific area – prevailing in the periodontal ligament compression zone; the specific area of dense connective tissue, though, was found to be prevailing at the periodontal ligament stretching zone under chewing stress. The data obtained through a quantitative analysis of the periodontal ligament microvascular bed of the medial incisors, and the first maxillary molars, reveal that the area with blood vessels in the compression zones by far exceeds the area of blood vessels in the stretching zones. It appears rather reasonable that in case of a biomechanical stress experienced by the incisor-maxillary and molar-maxillary segments of the upper jaw, the periodontal ligament morphology will change throughout the root, depending on the compression and stretching zone localization.

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Histomorphometric Assessment of Architectonics and Vascularization in Maxillary Alveolar Process Bone Tissue

Domenyuk,

Sumkina,

Mikutskaya

et al. 2023

“…Constitutionally significant facial features, taken as objects for thorough study within aesthetic dentistry, include: the gnathic face type (meso-, dolicho-, brachygnathic); the head facial part growth (neutral, horizontal, vertical); masticatory muscles thickness and spatial orientation; the mandible morphological (angle) and morphometric features (condyle width, angular width) [6,22,27,36,43,44,50,56].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Specific Features of X-Ray Anatomy and Profilometry in People With Different Types of Facial Skeleton

Дмитриенко¹,

Kochkonyan²,

Shkarin³

et al. 2022

Self Cite

This work is a summary of results obtained through clinical, radiological, and photometric studies involving 90 people (aged 18-25) with physiological types of bite. The first stage of the study implied an assessment of the face main anatomical structures location (chin, lips and jaws) relative to the conventionally accepted and proposed lines (planes) of the teleroentgenogram and face profile images. At the second stage, the patients were divided into three groups featuring different types of dental arches – mesotrusive (n=33), protrusive (n=30) and retrusive (n=27), depending on the incisor angle of the antagonizing medial incisors. Almost all patients of Group 1 were observed to have the upper lip touching the nasal line passing through the n (nasion) and the sn (subnasale) points, the lower lip receding backwards and the occlusal relationships falling within the age norm, while the average incisor angle being 135.24±3.09°. In most patients of Group 2, the upper and lower lips were located forward from the nasal line, while the occlusal relationships matched the age norm, and the average incisor angle was 116.24±3.02°. In Group 3, the patients’ upper and lower lips were located behind the nasal line, the occlusal relationships corresponding to the age norm and the average incisor angle making up 146.24 ± 3.34°. The obtained data expand the vision of the upper and lower lip facial topography for various dental arches, and are of applied importance when it comes to assessing the aesthetic profile of soft facial tissues, as well as the data in question can serve the criteria to evaluate the rehabilitation effectiveness in patients with dental pathology in view of their individual maxillofacial features.

“…Craniometric and cephalometric studies allow not only identifying the face-soft-tissue-to-bone-structure ratio, but monitoring the effectiveness of orthodontic and surgical treatment, too [19,32,36,56]. Experts have found the facial skull bone structures to have craniological polymorphism, as well as to determine its relief and symmetry in relation to the median sagittal plane, thus working a significant effect on both the facial aesthetics and the face profile harmony [13,26,30,47].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

X-Ray Cephalometric Features of Nasal and Gnathic Sections in Different Facial Skeleton Growth Types

Domenyuk¹,

Kochkonyan²,

Shkarin³

et al. 2022

Based on the results obtained through studying head lateral teleroentgenograms of 68 patients (aged 18−25) with a full set of permanent teeth and physiological occlusion, a method was developed, which allows exploring the angular parameters of the nasal (n-cond-sn) and gnathic (sn-cond-gn) face sections. In view of the type of the face gnathic part growth, the patients were divided into three groups: Group 1 (n=27) included patients with a neutral type of face growth and a mandibular angle of 119°−123°. Group 2 (n=22) were patients featuring a vertical type of the face gnathic part growth with a mandibular angle exceeding 123°. In patients of Group 3 (n=19), the mandibular angle was below 119° along with the horizontal type of the face gnathic part growth. Patients with physiological occlusion were found to have the nasal part angular parameters (n-cond-sn) relatively stable at different types of jaw growth: neutral type, 29.85±0.22°; vertical type, 30.01±0.22°; horizontal type, 29.96±0.29°, respectively. The angular parameters of the face gnathic part (sn-cond-gn) are variable and were identified based on the type of face growth, whereas the dimensional parameters in case of the vertical growth type (33.02±0.26°) exceed similar indices in people who featured the neutral (30.04±0.28°) and horizontal (26.92±0.29°) growth types. The angular parameters obtained for the nasal (n-cond-sn) and gnathic (sn-cond-gn) parts of the face can be employed as stable reference points when assessing the jaw growth types in patients with physiological occlusion, detecting facial features with maxillofacial anomalies and deformities (both congenital and acquired), and serve as a criterion pointing at the effectiveness of prosthetic and orthodontic treatment.