Clinical Use of Botulinum Neurotoxin: Neuromuscular Disorders

Guidubaldi, Arianna; Bentivoglio, Anna Rita; Albanese, Alberto

doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-0261-3_3

Cited by 3 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 251 publications

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“…Localized injections of BoNT provide a transient symptomatic relief in primary and nonprimary focal dystonia syndromes, as demonstrated by several randomized controlled studies and by a large number of uncontrolled studies (Hallett et al, 2013; Guidubaldi et al., 2014). …”

Section: Pharmacologymentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Although experience with BoNT in hemifacial spasm treatment mainly originates from open-label trials, there is no doubt on its efficacy and safety (Guidubaldi et al, 2014). Notwithstanding the limited number of studies available, it appears that other nondystonic disorders including tics and tremors also benefit from BoNT therapy (Lotia and Jankovic, 2016).…”

Section: Pharmacologymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Botulinum Neurotoxins: Biology, Pharmacology, and Toxicology

Pirazzini

Rossetto

Eleopra

et al. 2017

Pharmacological Reviews

602

580

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The study of botulinum neurotoxins (BoNT) is rapidly progressing in many aspects. Novel BoNTs are being discovered owing to next generation sequencing, but their biologic and pharmacological properties remain largely unknown. The molecular structure of the large protein complexes that the toxin forms with accessory proteins, which are included in some BoNT type A1 and B1 pharmacological preparations, have been determined. By far the largest effort has been dedicated to the testing and validation of BoNTs as therapeutic agents in an ever increasing number of applications, including pain therapy. BoNT type A1 has been also exploited in a variety of cosmetic treatments, alone or in combination with other agents, and this specific market has reached the size of the one dedicated to the treatment of medical syndromes. The pharmacological properties and mode of action of BoNTs have shed light on general principles of neuronal transport and protein-protein interactions and are stimulating basic science studies. Moreover, the wide array of BoNTs discovered and to be discovered and the production of recombinant BoNTs endowed with specific properties suggest novel uses in therapeutics with increasing disease/symptom specifity. These recent developments are reviewed here to provide an updated picture of the biologic mechanism of action of BoNTs, of their increasing use in pharmacology and in cosmetics, and of their toxicology.

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Section: Pharmacologymentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Pharmacologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Botulinum Neurotoxins: Biology, Pharmacology, and Toxicology

Pirazzini

Rossetto

Eleopra

et al. 2017

Pharmacological Reviews

602

580

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…BoNT is the first-choice treatment for most types of focal dystonia and could be an effective treatment option for some segmental forms. The effect begins usually about a week after injections and lasts for about 3 months [4,17]. spasms of eyelids.…”

Section: Dystoniamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Other authors indicated that pterygoid muscle injections have to be performed with EMG guidance, as the muscles are not easily accessible to palpation. The EMG-guided approach was often helpful for other jaw muscles, such as the digastric, masseter, and temporalis [4].…”

Section: Electromyography-controlled Bont Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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How Useful are Localization Techniques in Botulinum Toxin Injections for Dystonia and Spasticity Indications?

Semerdjieva¹

2016

Botulinum Toxin Therapy Manual for Dystonia and Spasticity

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There is irrefutable evidence for the effectiveness of botulinum toxin (BoNT) in the treatment of various disorders associated with excessive muscle contraction or autonomic dysfunction. One of the earliest indications as well as the most common BoNT treated movement disorder is dystonia, predominantly its focal forms, including blepharospasm, oromandibular, spasmodic, cervical and limb dystonia. Spastic disorders comprise another area where BoNT treatment has proved beneficial. Optimal therapeutic results, however, depend on several factors, including the BoNT serotype, dose, concentration, injected volume, frequency of application, as well as precise localization of the muscles producing the abnormal movement. The accuracy in targeting muscle localization is considered to be a key factor for determining the outcome of BoNT injections, even more important than dilution volume and dose. Various techniques to find the best injection site for the delivery of BoNT have been described in the literature. An attempt was made to summarize in one place the available evidence, and when possible to compare and point out the advantages and disadvantages of different techniques for localization of BoNT injections. The widely applied clinical indications for dystonia and spasticity have been specifically chosen as our focus in this present work.

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Impact of Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy on Spastic HandFunction with Assistive Devices in Children with Cerebral Palsy

Farhan¹,

Abdullah²,

Abdulgani³

2019

ATMPH

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Background:The spastic cerebral palsy isconsidered the most common of cerebral palsy types. Spasticity of upper limbs is major problem in children that affected on hand function during grasping and through using assistive devices as walker and canes. Shock wave treatment on spastic muscles of upper limbs in stroke patients performed a significant decrease in muscle tone.The aim of current study was to determine the impact of extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) on spastic muscle of hand in children with spastic cerebral palsy.Methods:Thirty twohemiplegic spastic cerebral palsy patients from both sexes were recruited in this study.The children were divided randomly into two groups equal in number; GroupӀ(control)consisted of 16 children(7 boys and 9 girls) with mean±standard deviation age of 6.68±2.63years received exercises program only (3sessions/week for two months, GroupӀӀ(experimental)included (10 boys and 6 girls)with mean±standard deviation age of 6.37±1.44 years received the same exercises program in addition to sessions by extracorporeal shock wave therapy(BTL-6000WT) with energy flux(0.003mJ/mm²),frequency (10Hz)and (one session/week) for 8 weeks .The two groups were evaluated before and after therapy by Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS) and Modified House function Classification (MHC).Results:The results showed a statistically significant improvement in spasticity and hand function post treatment.Conclusion:We concluded that the ESWT is effective in decreasingspasticity(muscle tone) of upper extremities and enhancinghand function for patients with spastic cerebral palsyto help those children become independent and participate in different daily activities as grasping of walker or canes.

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Clinical Use of Botulinum Neurotoxin: Neuromuscular Disorders

Cited by 3 publications

References 251 publications

Botulinum Neurotoxins: Biology, Pharmacology, and Toxicology

Botulinum Neurotoxins: Biology, Pharmacology, and Toxicology

How Useful are Localization Techniques in Botulinum Toxin Injections for Dystonia and Spasticity Indications?

Impact of Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy on Spastic HandFunction with Assistive Devices in Children with Cerebral Palsy

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