Clinical utility of visceral adipose tissue for the identification of cardiometabolic risk in white and African American adults

Katzmarzyk, Peter T.; Heymsfield, Steven B.; Bouchard, Claude

doi:10.3945/ajcn.112.047787

Cited by 78 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 38 publications

(42 reference statements)

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“…15,16,[17][18][19][20][21] These investigations have revealed that VAT mass is associated with cardiac risk factors and predictive of diabetes and cardiovascular disease. [15][16][17][18][19][20][21] In addition, we found that African immigrants had lower AIRg and DI values than African Americans, despite similar S I values. This suggests that beta-cell failure, rather than insulin resistance, is contributing to the high rate of diabetes and prediabetes observed in the African immigrants.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Worse Cardiometabolic Health in African Immigrant Men than African American Men: Reconsideration of the Healthy Immigrant Effect

O’Connor

Thoreson

Ricks

et al. 2014

Metabolic Syndrome and Related Disorders

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Background: The healthy immigrant effect is a phrase that has been used for decades to describe better cardiometabolic health in African immigrants than African Americans. The recent global increase in cardiometabolic diseases raises the possibility that immigrant health may be changing. Therefore, a new assessment of cardiometabolic health in African immigrants is warranted. Methods: Glucose tolerance status, blood pressure, and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) volume were compared in 214 self-identified healthy men comprised of 138 African immigrants, 76 African Americans, mean age 36 -9 years [mean -standard deviation (SD); range 20-64 years]. Insulin resistance was defined by the lowest quartile of the insulin sensitivity index (S I £ 2.28 mU/L

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Worse Cardiometabolic Health in African Immigrant Men than African American Men: Reconsideration of the Healthy Immigrant Effect

O’Connor

Thoreson

Ricks

et al. 2014

Metabolic Syndrome and Related Disorders

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“…[28][29][30][31][32] Even after adjustment for either body mass index (BMI) or waist circumference (WC), measurements of visceral adipose tissue are lower in NHB than NHW women. [33][34][35][36] Consequently, the WC that predicts insulin resistance and cardiometabolic risk is 5 to 10 cm higher in NHB than NHW women because NHBs have more subcutaneous compared with visceral fat at a given WC than NHW women.…”

Section: Central Obesitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex Differences in the Cardiovascular Consequences of Diabetes Mellitus

et al. 2015

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Currently, ≈1 in 13 people living in the United States has DM, and 90% to 95% of these individuals have type 2 DM (T2DM).2 Overall, the prevalence of T2DM is similar in women and men. In the United States, ≈12.6 million women (10.8%) and 13 million men (11.8%) ≥20 years of age are currently estimated to have T2DM. 2 Among individuals with T2DM, cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality and accounts for >75% of hospitalizations and >50% of all deaths.3 Although nondiabetic women have fewer cardiovascular events than nondiabetic men of the same age, this advantage appears to be lost in the context of T2DM. 4,5 The reasons for this advantage are not entirely clear but are likely multifactorial with contributions from inherent physiological differences, including the impact of the sex hormones, differences in cardiovascular risk factors, and differences between the sexes in the diagnosis and treatment of DM and CVD. 6 In addition, there are racial and ethnic factors to consider because women of ethnic minority backgrounds have a higher prevalence of DM than non-Hispanic white (NHW) women.This scientific statement was designed to provide the current state of knowledge about sex differences in the cardiovascular consequences of DM, and it will identify areas that would benefit from further research because much is still unknown about sex differences in DM and CVD. Areas that are discussed include hormonal differences between the sexes and their possible effects on the interaction between DM and CVD, sex differences in epidemiology, ethnic and racial differences and risk factors for CVD in DM across the life span, sex differences in various types of CVD and heart failure, and sex differences in the effects of treatments for DM, including both medications and lifestyle. In addition, there is discussion about risk factors that are specific to women, including gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), which affect CVD risk. Table 1 focuses on sex differences in CVD risk factors and outcomes in DM, and Table 2 provides information about sex differences in CVD treatments and interventions in DM. Table 3 contains some of the important ideas for research in sex differences in the cardiovascular consequences of DM. The American Heart Association makes every effort to avoid any actual or potential conflicts of interest that may arise as a result of an outside relationship or a personal, professional, or business interest of a member of the writing panel. Specifically, all members of the writing group are required to complete and submit a Disclosure Questionnaire showing all such relationships that might be perceived as real or potential conflicts of interest.This statement was approved by the American Heart Association Science Advisory and Coordinating Committee on July 31, 2015, and the American Heart Association Executive Committee on September 5, 2015. A copy of the document is available at http://my.americanheart.org/statements by selecting either the "By...

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“…Katzmarzyk et al [34] recently examined a sample of AA and white women and men aged 18-74 years and showed that AA women (91.0 ± 49.2 cm 2 ) and men (90.3 ± 57.9 cm 2 ) had significantly lower VAT compared to white women (121.8 ± 61.2 cm 2 ) and men (140.9 ± 70.8 cm 2 ). This study went on to identify lower risk factor thresholds for AA women (97 cm 2 ) and men (82 cm 2 ) compared to white women (141 cm 2 ) and men (140 cm 2 ).…”

Section: Visceral Adipose Tissue Thresholdsmentioning

confidence: 95%