Clinical Validation of Ineffective Breathing Pattern, Ineffective Airway Clearance, and Impaired Gas Exchange

Abstract

Clinical validation methods allow discriminating among defining characteristics. Data that are present are not necessarily characteristic of a diagnosis, and the subjective cues of expresses fatigue or anxiety may be important for making these diagnoses.

Operational definitions of outcome indicators related to ineffective breathing patterns in children with congenital heart disease

“…16,17 Outcomes can be detected by measurable variables such as the rate, rhythm, and depth of breathing, 17,18 and by subjective data such as impaired h e a r t & l u n g 4 0 ( 2 0 1 1 ) e 7 0 ee 7 7 expiration and choking. 19 These variables may make the evaluation of respiratory status difficult, because several items must be considered when establishing a condition according to nursing outcomes.…”

Respiratory Nursing Diagnoses: Presenting Evidence for Identification of the Defining Characteristics in Neonatal and Pediatric Populations

“…Studies previously developed in adult patients about the diagnosis IBP confirmed some characteristics identified in the pediatric population, among which were emphasized: cyanosis, use of accessory muscles, adventitious breath sounds , dyspnea , fatigue , altered respiratory frequency (Carlson‐Catalano et al., ; McDonald, ; York, ; Zeitoun, Barros, Michel, & Bettencourt, ).…”

Intervention for ineffective airway clearance in asthmatic children: A controlled and randomized clinical trial

“…3 There is a strong relationship between IAC and the presence of secretions in the airways of children with asthma. 6 Although airway obstruction is a prevalent medical condition among children with asthma, there are a few studies presenting the effectiveness of nursing interventions for this problem. 5 Furthermore, other researchers have demonstrated that IAC is directly related to other nursing diagnoses, such as ineffective breathing patterns and impaired gas exchange, which confirms the need for immediate interventions.…”