Clinical validity of the ‘mini-mental state’ for Spanish speaking communities

Blesa, Rafael; Pujol, Montse; Aguilar, Miguel; Santacruz, Pilar; Bertran-Serra, I; Hernández, Gonzalo; Sol, José M.; Peña-Casanova, Jordi

doi:10.1016/s0028-3932(01)00055-0

Cited by 377 publications

(265 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…In addition, the univariate General Linear Model has also been used to relate the average monthly cost to the variables related to institutionalizing the patient and to attendance at day centers, the severity of AD and the patient's state of health, as well as the level of predictive value provided by the caregiver's general state of health and the caregiver's burden [39][40][41][42]. The level of severity of the patient's AD has been represented using CDR, MMSE, and BDRS scores [24][25][26][27]. The latter variable has been addressed on an overall basis and also Values are mean ± standard deviation or percentages.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prospective One-Year Cost-of-Illness Study in a Cohort of Patients with Dementia of Alzheimer's Disease Type in Spain: The ECO Study

Coduras

Rabasa

Frank

et al. 2010

JAD

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Abstract. In this study, we analyzed the economic impact of one-year healthcare and non-healthcare resources utilization by patients with dementia of Alzheimer's disease (AD) under usual medical practice in Spain. A one-year, prospective, naturalistic, multicenter cohort study was designed to recruit patients with mild, moderate to severe, and severe AD according to Clinical Dementia Rating scale: the ECO study. Healthcare resources (medical visits, drugs and concomitant treatments, complementary and diagnostic tests, institutionalization and use of home-nursing facilities) and non-healthcare resources (inventory materials, consumables, professional and non-professional caregivers' time for care and supervision) were recorded and valued at 2006 prices. A total of 560 patients with possible/probable AD by DSM-IV-NINCDS-ADRDA criteria were included in the study: 68% women, 77 ± 6 years old, 29% treatment naïve. Monthly average cost per patient was 1,425.73, and increased 10.08% at the end of the study (baseline monthly cost; 1,316.22). Non-healthcare costs ( 1059.00, 74.30% of total cost) decreased 4.30/month (0.40%) at the end of the year, while healthcare costs, which presented a total average of 366.66, grew by 136.94 in the period (54.06%), mainly due to cost of drugs, nursing home utilization, and institutionalization. The 87.26% of the overall cost ( 1,244.22) was not financed by National Health Service (NHS), and the majority of this cost corresponded to caregiver-associated cost. The caregiver's total burden represented 70.86% of the overall cost-of-illness. In conclusion, monthly overall mean cost of dementia of AD type was high in Spain ( 1,412.73). Almost 88% of the cost-of-illness is funded by the patient's own family, adding a financial burden to the suffering of these families.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prospective One-Year Cost-of-Illness Study in a Cohort of Patients with Dementia of Alzheimer's Disease Type in Spain: The ECO Study

Coduras

Rabasa

Frank

et al. 2010

JAD

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“…MMSE scores range from zero to 30 (higher scores indicate a better cognitive performance). Patients' MMSE scores were corrected for patients' age and level of education [17] and treated as a continuous variable.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Longitudinal Association Between a Discrepancy Measure of Anosognosia in Patients with Dementia, Caregiver Burden and Depression

Perales

Turró‐Garriga

Gascón‐Bayarri

et al. 2016

JAD

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Abstract.Background: According to cross-sectional studies, there is an association between anosognosia in people with dementia and caregiver's burden and depression. Anosognosia in patients may be a cause of caregiver burden and depression. However, variability in caregiver anosognosia ratings may exist as caregivers with burden and depression may have a more pessimistic view of the patients' health. Objective: To assess the variability of caregiver anosognosia ratings of patients with dementia using a widely used anosognosia scale and its longitudinal relationship with caregiver burden and depression. Methods: A convenience cohort of 221 consecutive dementia outpatient and caregiver dyads was followed up at 12 and 24 months. The main instruments used were the Anosognosia Questionnaire-Dementia (AQ-D), Caregiver Burden Interview, and Geriatric Depression Scale. Linear mixed models were used including time as a factor in every model. Multivariate analyses controlled for caregiver's socio-demographic and possible confounding factors. Results: Attrition at 12 and 24 months was 24.9% and 42.5% respectively. Patients at baseline were on average 77.8 years of age, 63.3% were women, and 63.3% had < 5 years of education. In the bivariate analyses, caregiver burden, depression, and gender were associated with caregiver ratings of total, cognitive, and personality AQ-D of the patient at different time points. Multivariate analyses revealed burden as the caregiver variable most consistently associated with total, cognitive, and personality caregiver AQ-D ratings of the patient. Conclusion: Some caregiver characteristics, especially burden, are associated with caregiver ratings of AQ-D with regard to the patient.

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“…MMSE ranges from 0 to 30 (Folstein et al 1975). There is a validated Spanish version (Blesa et al 2001). The CDT is especially useful for assessing executive function and visuospatial skills that are under-evaluated in the MMSE (Freedman et al 1994).…”

Section: Cognitive Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genotype patterns at CLU, CR1, PICALM and APOE, cognition and Mediterranean diet: the PREDIMED-NAVARRA trial

et al. 2014

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The traditional Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) has shown beneficial effects on cognitive decline. Nevertheless, diet-gene interactions have been poorly evaluated. We aimed to investigate diet-gene interaction in the PREDIMED-NAVARRA randomized trial. A total of 522 participants (67 ± 6 years at baseline) enrolled in the PREDIMED-NAVARRA trial were randomly allocated to one of three diets: two MedDiets (supplemented with either extra-virgin olive oil or nuts) or a low-fat diet. They were evaluated with the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and the Clock Drawing Test (CDT) after 6.5 years of intervention. Subjects were genotyped for CR1-rs3818361, CLU-rs11136000, PICALM-rs3851179 and Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) genes. We studied MedDietgene interactions for cognition and assessed the effect of the MedDiet on cognition across different genetic profiles. A significant interaction (p = 0.041) between CLUrs11136000 and the MedDiet intervention on the MMSE was found with a beneficial effect of MedDiet among carriers of the T minor allele (B = 0.97, 95 % CI 0.45-1.49). Similar effect was observed for CR1-rs3818361, but no significant interaction was observed (p = 0.335). For PICALM-rs3851179, the MedDiet intervention showed a beneficial effect in both genotype groups. No apparent interaction was found for the CDT between intervention and gene variants. Similarly, participants randomly allocated to MedDiet groups, with favorable 123Genes Nutr (2014) 9:393 DOI 10.1007/s12263-014-0393-7 profiles of CR1, CLU and PICALM genes, significantly improved CDT scores compared to controls with the same genetic profile. Cognitive performance was better for nonApoE4 and for ApoE4 carriers of MedDiet groups compared to controls, but for CDT performance, we only found statistical significant differences for non-ApoE4 carriers. A MedDiet intervention modulates the effect of genetic factors on cognition. The effect of MedDiet might be greater for subjects with a more favorable genetic profile.

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Clinical validity of the ‘mini-mental state’ for Spanish speaking communities

Cited by 377 publications

References 24 publications

Prospective One-Year Cost-of-Illness Study in a Cohort of Patients with Dementia of Alzheimer's Disease Type in Spain: The ECO Study

Prospective One-Year Cost-of-Illness Study in a Cohort of Patients with Dementia of Alzheimer's Disease Type in Spain: The ECO Study

The Longitudinal Association Between a Discrepancy Measure of Anosognosia in Patients with Dementia, Caregiver Burden and Depression

Genotype patterns at CLU, CR1, PICALM and APOE, cognition and Mediterranean diet: the PREDIMED-NAVARRA trial

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