Abstract:Context:The role of cardiac pacemakers (PPMs), implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs), and cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) devices has increasingly prominent in cardiac disease management in the last 50 years. Evidence Acquisition: We reviewed the literature for cardiovascular implantable electronic device (CIED)-related infections, their diagnosis, treatment, complications, and long-term treatment. Results: The most common signs of CIED infection include inflammatory changes in the generator p… Show more
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