Clinically relevant in vitro biofilm models: A need to mimic and recapitulate the host environment

Vyas, Heema Kumari Nilesh; Xia, Baojia; Mai‐Prochnow, Anne

doi:10.1016/j.bioflm.2022.100069

Cited by 41 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…Our experiments with environmental PA have confirmed our previous findings with clinical isolates [32], i.e., the MDR phenotype and/or resistance to specific antibiotics did not have a significant relationship with biofilm-forming capacity or the phenotypic expression of virulence determinants. However, as demonstrated by earlier studies described previously, evidence in this field is still inconclusive; the use of different models to test biofilm formation may considerably inform the heterogeneity of the available results [83]. The importance of PA as a pathogen in chronic and healthcare-associated infections has been described extensively, while there is increasing awareness of PA as an environmental agent in agriculture and aquaculture.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Relationship between Biofilm-Formation, Phenotypic Virulence Factors and Antibiotic Resistance in Environmental Pseudomonas aeruginosa

et al. 2022

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The formation of a protective biofilm by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) is one of the hallmarks of their survival both in vivo and in harsh environmental conditions, thus, biofilm-eradication has relevance from therapeutic perspectives and for infection control. The aim of our study was to investigate the possible relationship between antibiotic resistance, biofilm-forming capacity and virulence factors in n = 166 PA isolates of environmental origin. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing and the phenotypic detection of resistance determinants were carried out using standard protocols. The biofilm-forming capacity of PA was tested using a standardized crystal violet microtiter plate-based method. Motility (swimming, swarming, and twitching) and siderophore production of the isolates were also assessed. Resistance rates were highest for ciprofloxacin (46.98%), levofloxacin (45.18%), ceftazidime (31.92%) and cefepime (30.12%); 19.28% of isolates met the criteria to be classified as multidrug-resistant (MDR). Efflux pump overexpression, AmpC overexpression, and modified Hodge-test positivity were noted in 28.31%, 18.07% and 3.61%, respectively. 22.89% of isolates were weak/non-biofilm producers, while 27.71% and 49.40% were moderate and strong biofilm producers, respectively. Based on MDR status of the isolates, no significant differences in biofilm-production were shown among environmental PA (non-MDR OD570 [mean ± SD]: 0.416 ± 0.167 vs. MDR OD570: 0.399 ± 0.192; p > 0.05). No significant association was observed between either motility types in the context of drug resistance or biofilm-forming capacity (p > 0.05). 83.13% of isolates tested were positive for siderophore production. The importance of PA as a pathogen in chronic and healthcare-associated infections has been described extensively, while there is increasing awareness of PA as an environmental agent in agriculture and aquaculture. Additional studies in this field would be an important undertaking to understand the interrelated nature of biofilm production and antimicrobial resistance, as these insights may become relevant bases for developing novel therapeutics and eradication strategies against PA.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Relationship between Biofilm-Formation, Phenotypic Virulence Factors and Antibiotic Resistance in Environmental Pseudomonas aeruginosa

et al. 2022

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“…The filter-biofilm setup lacks several in vivo characteristics, and this model does not grasp wound-healing dynamics, which is a well-known problem for several biofilm models [ 38 ]. Nevertheless, findings from this study strengthen the conclusion that ultrasound in combination with clinically relevant antibiotics results in synergistic cooperation, resulting in the enhanced killing of two bacterial species known to dominate in chronic wounds.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Combination of Low-Frequency Ultrasound and Antibiotics Improves the Killing of In Vitro Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilms

Kvich

Christensen

Pierchala³

et al. 2022

Antibiotics

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Due to an increase in underlying predisposing factors, chronic wounds have become an increasing burden on healthcare systems worldwide. Chronic infections often contain biofilm-forming bacteria, which are challenging to eradicate due to increased antibiotic tolerance; thus, new and improved therapeutic strategies are warranted. One such strategy is the combination of ultrasound and antibiotics. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the combinatory effects of low-frequency (50 kHz) ultrasound delivered by specially designed ultrasound patches using flexible piezoelectric material, PiezoPaint™, in combination with antibiotics against biofilms with Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The reduction in viable cells in S. aureus and P. aeruginosa biofilms was evaluated post-treatment with fusidic acid, clindamycin, ciprofloxacin, and colistin in combination with ultrasound treatment. Two-hour ultrasound treatment significantly increased the bactericidal effect of all four antibiotics, resulting in a 96–98% and 90–93% reduction in P. aeruginosa and S. aureus, respectively. In addition, an additive effect was observed when extending treatment to 4 h, resulting in >99% and 95–97% reduction in P. aeruginosa and S. aureus, respectively. These results contrasted the lack of effect observed when treating filter-biofilms with antibiotics alone. The combined effect of ultrasound and antibiotic treatment resulted in a synergistic effect, reducing the viability of the clinically relevant pathogens S. aureus and P. aeruginosa. The modularity of the specially designed patches intended for topical treatment holds promising applications as a supplement in chronic wound therapy. Further studies are warranted with clinically isolated strains and other clinically relevant antibiotics before proceeding to studies where safety and applicability are investigated.

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“…These are very complex issues which are thoroughly explored in reviews by Stoodley [191] and Vyas. [192] The identification and design of oxazolidinone compounds with improved anti-biofilm activity does not only rely on clinically relevant models but also a better understanding of their mode of action. Currently, the exact mechanism for the inhibition and eradication of biofilms by oxazolidinone agents is unknown.…”

Section: Summary and Perspectivementioning

confidence: 99%

“…This calls into question whether the thickness of biofilms used is clinically relevant. These are very complex issues which are thoroughly explored in reviews by Stoodley [191] and Vyas [192] …”

Section: Summary and Perspectivementioning

confidence: 99%

Strategies to Improve the Potency of Oxazolidinones towards Bacterial Biofilms

Ndukwe

Wiedbrauk

Boase

et al. 2022

Chemistry An Asian Journal

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Biofilms are part of the natural lifecycle of bacteria and are known to cause chronic infections that are difficult to treat. Most antibiotics are developed and tested against bacteria in the planktonic state and are ineffective against bacterial biofilms. The oxazolidinones, including the last resort drug linezolid, are one of the main classes of synthetic antibiotics progressed to clinical use in the last 50 years. They have a unique mechanism of action and only develop low levels of resistance in the clinical setting. With the aim of providing insight into strategies to design more potent antibiotic compounds with activity against bacterial biofilms, we review the biofilm activity of clinically approved oxazolidinones and report on structural modifications to oxazolidinones and their delivery systems which lead to enhanced anti‐biofilm activity.

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Clinically relevant in vitro biofilm models: A need to mimic and recapitulate the host environment

Cited by 41 publications

References 69 publications

Relationship between Biofilm-Formation, Phenotypic Virulence Factors and Antibiotic Resistance in Environmental Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Relationship between Biofilm-Formation, Phenotypic Virulence Factors and Antibiotic Resistance in Environmental Pseudomonas aeruginosa

The Combination of Low-Frequency Ultrasound and Antibiotics Improves the Killing of In Vitro Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilms

Strategies to Improve the Potency of Oxazolidinones towards Bacterial Biofilms

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