Clinically significant and colonizing <em>Enterobacteria</em> isolates with extended spectrum beta-lactamase production and their significance in horse breeding

Abstract

This review article is devoted to the problem of the emergence and spread of antibiotic-resistant enterobacteria producing beta-lactamase in horse breeding. Foal colibacillosis is an acute infectious disease of young animals, manifested by diarrhea, signs of severe intoxication and dehydration of the body, caused by pathogenic Escherichia coli. Foals get sick in the first 3-7 days after birth. Infection occurs alimentary, less often – aerogenic and intrauterine transmission. The source of infection are sick and recovered animals. The duration of the disease is 2-3 days with a mortality rate of up to 90%, which leads to multiple economic losses. Multiresistant Escherichia coli can accumulate in the intestines of healthy animals and be excreted with fecal matter into the environment, which leads to the spread of pathogenic microflora among livestock. In this case, the animals are latent or hidden carriers that do not show clinical signs of the disease. Clinically significant isolates are causative agents of infectious and inflammatory diseases. These microorganisms represent a potential hazard for the development of an infectious process, they exhibit virulent properties that lead to damage to the tissues of the host organism, which significantly limits the possibility of their eradication. Along with clinically significant isolates, there are colonizing isolates that do not cause infection at a specific site. It should be noted that under certain conditions, the colonizing isolate can cause an infectious process. Irrational use of antimicrobials is a key reason for the development of tolerance. Also, the untimely detection of enzyme inactivation of antibiotics by laboratory methods and the spread of resistance genes play an important role. Currently, disks and media with antibacterial drugs are widely used to detect multidrug resistance of microorganisms. Along with these methods, PCR diagnostics and sequencing are used to accurately determine antibiotic resistance genes. Due to the importance and relevance of this topic, many scientists are conducting research to detect and study the multiresistance of enterobacteria such as E. coli, and their spread among animals.