Clinically significant change: Jacobson and Truax (1991) revisited.

Speer, David C.

doi:10.1037/0022-006x.60.3.402

Cited by 246 publications

(203 citation statements)

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“…In the longitudinal analyses, all models were adjusted for baseline physical performance. Decline in physical performance during 3 years of follow-up was assessed using the Edwards-Nunnally index to determine clinically significant change (Speer, 1992). The index is adjusted for regression to the mean.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cross-sectional and longitudinal association between homocysteine, vitamin B12 and physical performance in older persons

et al. 2011

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Background/Objectives: Decreases in physical performance are associated with multiple negative health outcomes. The objective of this study was to examine whether high plasma homocysteine and low serum vitamin B12 are independent risk factors for lower physical performance, both cross-sectionally and longitudinally. Subjects/Methods: This study was performed in persons aged X65 years of the LASA (Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam), an ongoing cohort study. Blood was collected in 1995/1996 (n ¼ 1352). Physical performance was assessed in 1995/1996 and in 1998/1999 using three tests: the walking test, the chair stands test and the tandem stand (n ¼ 901-1155). Results: After adjustment for confounding, women in the highest quartile of homocysteine had a significantly lower physical performance than did those in the lowest quartile in the cross-sectional analyses (b ¼ À0.93, s.e. ¼ 0.34, Po0.01). This association was borderline statistically significant in the longitudinal analyses (b ¼ À0.69, s.e. ¼ 0.35, P ¼ 0.05). After additional adjustment for serum vitamin B12, both associations were statistically significant (Po0.05). For vitamin B12 in women, and for homocysteine and vitamin B12 in men, the observed associations were less consistent. Conclusions: High plasma homocysteine is an independent risk factor for lower physical performance in older women. The association between vitamin B12 and physical performance is less clear.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cross-sectional and longitudinal association between homocysteine, vitamin B12 and physical performance in older persons

et al. 2011

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“…To determine if a change in an individual's score was statistically reliable, the Reliable Change Index (RCI) was calculated according to the Edwards-Nunnally method [23]. This method minimizes the influence of regression to the mean in the calculation of improvement rates.…”

Section: ■ Statistical Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychopathology in children: Improvement of quality of life without psychiatric symptom reduction?

Bastiaansen

Koot

Ferdinand

2005

Europ.Child & Adolescent Psych

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■ Abstract Objective The aim of this study was to assess the association between change in psychopathology and Quality of Life (QoL) across time in children with high levels of psychopathology. Methods A referred sample of 126 seven-to 19-year-olds was studied across a 1-year follow-up period. Information concerning QoL and psychopathology was obtained from parents. Results Overall, 38.1 % of children showed neither psychiatric symptom reduction nor QoL improvement, 33.3 % of children showed both a clinically significant psychiatric symptom reduction and QoL improvement, and 28.6 % of children showed either psychiatric symptom reduction or QoL improvement. In 11

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“…32 The change scores were dichotomized into "decline" and "no decline," with PϽ0.10 as statistical cutoff score. The analyses were performed with multiple logistic regression models.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stroke and Apolipoprotein E ε4 Are Independent Risk Factors for Cognitive Decline

Dik

Deeg

Bouter

et al. 2000

Stroke

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Background and Purpose-Stroke and apolipoprotein E ⑀4 (ApoE ⑀4) are individually important risk factors for cognitive decline, including Alzheimer disease. It has been suggested that ApoE ⑀4 multiplies the risk for cognitive decline following stroke. In a population-based sample, using well-defined sensitive cognitive measures, this study investigates whether cognitive decline following stroke is worse for patients who carry the ApoE ⑀4 allele. Methods-Subjects were participants in the Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam (LASA). The sample consisted of 1224 subjects, aged 62 to 85 years, who participated in the 3-year follow-up examination and for whom ApoE and stroke data were complete. We assessed cognitive decline using the Mini-Mental State Examination, the Auditory Verbal Learning Test (memory: immediate and delayed recall), and the Coding Task (information processing speed). The effects of stroke and ApoE ⑀4 on cognitive decline were evaluated with ANOVA and multiple logistic regression analysis, adjusted for age, sex, education, and baseline cognition. Results-A synergistic effect modification for stroke and ApoE ⑀4 on cognitive decline was not observed. Unexpectedly, instead, stroke patients carrying the ⑀4 allele demonstrated a nonsignificantly lowered risk for Mini-Mental State Examination decline (ORϭ0.3; 95% CI 0.1 to 1.1). ApoE ⑀4 was associated with declines in information processing speed (ORϭ1.5; 95% CI 1.1 to 2.1) and small declines for immediate and delayed recall. Conclusions-Stroke and ApoE ⑀4 may impair cognition through distinct nonsynergistic mechanisms. The slowing of information processing speed for ApoE ⑀4 carriers was more evident than impairment in memory. (Stroke. 2000;31:2431-2436.)

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Clinically significant change: Jacobson and Truax (1991) revisited.

Cited by 246 publications

References 10 publications

Cross-sectional and longitudinal association between homocysteine, vitamin B12 and physical performance in older persons

Cross-sectional and longitudinal association between homocysteine, vitamin B12 and physical performance in older persons

Psychopathology in children: Improvement of quality of life without psychiatric symptom reduction?

Stroke and Apolipoprotein E ε4 Are Independent Risk Factors for Cognitive Decline

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