Clinically silent forms may partly explain the rarity of acute cases of autochthonous genotype 3c hepatitis E infection in France

Renou, Christophe; Pariente, Alexandre; Cadranel, Jean–François; Nicand, Élisabeth; Pavio, Nicole

doi:10.1016/j.jcv.2011.02.013

Cited by 18 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Asymptomatic and subclinical HEV infections are common in both epidemic-and sporadic-transmission settings and have been documented in diverse geographic regions (25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32)(33)(34)(35). HEV infections without overt symptoms have been detected in organ donors (36) and in contacts of case patients (33) in industrialized countries.…”

Section: Epidemiologic Patterns Of Hepatitis E Virus Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…HEV infections without overt symptoms have been detected in organ donors (36) and in contacts of case patients (33) in industrialized countries.…”

Section: Epidemiologic Patterns Of Hepatitis E Virus Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the relatively wealthy nations of Europe, North America, and East Asia, human infections with HEV-3 and HEV-4 are often asymptomatic (33,125), though more virulent strains appear to exist (126,127). In these settings, autochthonous HEV-3 appears to pose the greatest threat to people with chronic medical conditions that require immunosuppressive therapy or that directly compromise the immune system and/or liver (128)(129)(130).…”

Section: Epidemiologic Patterns Of Hepatitis E Virus Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Host Immune Status and Response to Hepatitis E Virus Infection

2014

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SUMMARY Hepatitis E virus (HEV), identified over 30 years ago, remains a serious threat to life, health, and productivity in developing countries where access to clean water is limited. Recognition that HEV also circulates as a zoonotic and food-borne pathogen in developed countries is more recent. Even without treatment, most cases of HEV-related acute viral hepatitis (with or without jaundice) resolve within 1 to 2 months. However, HEV sometimes leads to acute liver failure, chronic infection, or extrahepatic symptoms. The mechanisms of pathogenesis appear to be substantially immune mediated. This review covers the epidemiology of HEV infection worldwide, the humoral and cellular immune responses to HEV, and the persistence and protection of antibodies produced in response to both natural infection and vaccines. We focus on the contributions of altered immune states (associated with pregnancy, human immunodeficiency virus [HIV], and immunosuppressive agents used in cancer and transplant medicine) to the elevated risks of chronic infection (in immunosuppressed/immunocompromised patients) and acute liver failure and mortality (among pregnant women). We conclude by discussing outstanding questions about the immune response to HEV and interactions with hormones and comorbid conditions. These questions take on heightened importance now that a vaccine is available.

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Section: Epidemiologic Patterns Of Hepatitis E Virus Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…HEV infections without overt symptoms have been detected in organ donors (36) and in contacts of case patients (33) in industrialized countries.…”

Section: Epidemiologic Patterns Of Hepatitis E Virus Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Epidemiologic Patterns Of Hepatitis E Virus Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Host Immune Status and Response to Hepatitis E Virus Infection

2014

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“…More generally, in countries where seafood dishes are common, as in China, shellfish consumption is considered a key risk factor for developing hepatitis E (19). In France, as in most European countries, genotype 3 is predominant and evidence of virus circulation among the French population has been reported (20)(21)(22). Until now, pork meat has been the food type most frequently implicated in outbreaks (8,20,23,24).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioaccumulation Efficiency, Tissue Distribution, and Environmental Occurrence of Hepatitis E Virus in Bivalve Shellfish from France

Grodzki

Schaeffer

Piquet

et al. 2014

Appl Environ Microbiol

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dHepatitis E virus (HEV), an enteric pathogen of both humans and animals, is excreted by infected individuals and is therefore present in wastewaters and coastal waters. As bivalve molluscan shellfish are known to concentrate viral particles during the process of filter feeding, they may accumulate this virus. The bioaccumulation efficiencies of oysters (Crassostrea gigas), flat oysters (Ostrea edulis), mussels (Mytilus edulis), and clams (Ruditapes philippinarum) were compared at different time points during the year. Tissue distribution analysis showed that most of the viruses were concentrated in the digestive tissues of the four species. Mussels and clams were found to be more sensitive to sporadic contamination events, as demonstrated by rapid bioaccumulation in less than 1 h compared to species of oysters. For oysters, concentrations increased during the 24-h bioaccumulation period. Additionally, to evaluate environmental occurrence of HEV in shellfish, an environmental investigation was undertaken at sites potentially impacted by pigs, wild boars, and human waste. Of the 286 samples collected, none were contaminated with hepatitis E virus, despite evidence that this virus is circulating in some French areas. It is possible that the number of hepatitis E viral particles discharged into the environment is too low to detect or that the virus may have a very short period of persistence in pig manure and human waste.

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“…Controls included in the method made us confident that these samples were truly negative. This observation may be explained by the low prevalence of some viruses in the French population or, in the case of HEV, the absence of pig farms in this area (1,6,22,23). In contrast, NoV and SaV, which are frequently detected in French sewage, were detected in the two impacted areas (4,26).…”

mentioning

confidence: 85%

Impact of Xynthia Tempest on Viral Contamination of Shellfish

Grodzki

Ollivier

Saux

et al. 2012

Appl Environ Microbiol

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ABSTRACTViral contamination in oyster and mussel samples was evaluated after a massive storm with hurricane wind named “Xynthia tempest” destroyed a number of sewage treatment plants in an area harboring many shellfish farms. Although up to 90% of samples were found to be contaminated 2 days after the disaster, detected viral concentrations were low. A 1-month follow-up showed a rapid decrease in the number of positive samples, even for norovirus.

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Clinically silent forms may partly explain the rarity of acute cases of autochthonous genotype 3c hepatitis E infection in France

Cited by 18 publications

References 19 publications

Host Immune Status and Response to Hepatitis E Virus Infection

Host Immune Status and Response to Hepatitis E Virus Infection

Bioaccumulation Efficiency, Tissue Distribution, and Environmental Occurrence of Hepatitis E Virus in Bivalve Shellfish from France

Impact of Xynthia Tempest on Viral Contamination of Shellfish

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