Clinically Valuable Quality Control for PET/MRI Systems: Consensus Recommendation From the HYBRID Consortium

Valladares, Alejandra; Ahangari, Sahar; Beyer, Thomas; Boellaard, Ronald; Chalampalakis, Zacharias; Comtat, Claude; Daltoso, L; Hansen, Adam E.; Mackewn, Jane E.; Marsden, Paul; Nuyts, Johan; Padormo, Francesco; Peeters, Ronald; Poth, S; Solari, Esteban; Rausch, Ivo

doi:10.3389/fphy.2019.00136

Cited by 14 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…As clinical PET/MRI systems become more widely available there is a need for hybrid phantoms which allow assessment of system performance across multiple sites. Recent recommendations for a minimum set of QC procedres have been developed to ensure the proper functioning of whole-body PET/MRI systems (Valladares et al 2019) however these generally use separate phantoms for each modality and do not consider tissue equivalence. Chandramohan et al (2020) report the development of bone material analogues based on a gypsum plaster cement (CaSO 4 • 2H 2 O) that can be used in construction of phantoms for simultaneous PET/MRI systems.…”

Section: Pet/mrimentioning

confidence: 99%

Tissue mimicking materials for imaging and therapy phantoms: a review

et al. 2020

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Tissue mimicking materials (TMMs), typically contained within phantoms, have been used for many decades in both imaging and therapeutic applications. This review investigates the specifications that are typically being used in development of the latest TMMs. The imaging modalities that have been investigated focus around CT, mammography, SPECT, PET, MRI and ultrasound. Therapeutic applications discussed within the review include radiotherapy, thermal therapy and surgical applications. A number of modalities were not reviewed including optical spectroscopy, optical imaging and planar x-rays. The emergence of image guided interventions and multimodality imaging have placed an increasing demand on the number of specifications on the latest TMMs. Material specification standards are available in some imaging areas such as ultrasound. It is recommended that this should be replicated for other imaging and therapeutic modalities. Materials used within phantoms have been reviewed for a series of imaging and therapeutic applications with the potential to become a testbed for cross-fertilization of materials across modalities. Deformation, texture, multimodality imaging and perfusion are common themes that are currently under development.

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Section: Pet/mrimentioning

confidence: 99%

Tissue mimicking materials for imaging and therapy phantoms: a review

et al. 2020

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“…All commercially available geometric phantoms featured in this review are phantoms initially designed for PET or Nuclear Medicine use and licensed by Data Spectrum Corporation: IEC (NEMA) Body Phantom Esser (ACR) PET Phantom Jaszczak Phantom NEMA 94 PET Phantom Mini Deluxe Phantom They are widely available and many sites with existing Nuclear Medicine and PET facilities are likely to already possess a subset of these phantoms in order to adhere to quality assurance guidelines [ 8 ]. In particular, the IEC (NEMA) Body Phantom continues to be recommended for PET and PET/MRI acceptance testing and quality assurance under the NEMA NU-2 (2018) standard [ 7 , 8 ]. It consists of a large, elliptical PMMA container with a central cylinder filled with polystyrene, around which hollow spheres are suspended from one end of the phantom.…”

Section: Geometric and Homogeneous Phantomsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This would act to both confirm the performance of these systems and to allow phantom testing to form part of wider imaging protocol validation projects. Additionally, there is little standardisation in MRI quality assurance programs [ 7 ], increasing the likelihood of cross-site variation in PET quantification given clinical reliance on MRI-based corrections. It is clear that more work is to be done in this area, either through alteration of MRI sequences used to generate phantom attenuation maps, or through the development of phantoms from materials exhibiting properties that allow for their visualisation in MRI acquisitions.…”

Section: Geometric and Homogeneous Phantomsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Valladares et al [ 7 ] compared the quality assurance programs for PET/MRI scanners of 8 sites across Europe and found significant variation in approaches. The authors recommend a regime in line with available guidelines such as the National Electrical Manufacturers Association’s (NEMA) report NEMA NU-2 [ 8 ] for PET and the American Association of Physicists in Medicine (AAPM) Report 028 for MRI [ 9 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Multimodal phantoms for clinical PET/MRI

2021

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Phantoms are commonly used throughout medical imaging and medical physics for a multitude of applications, the designs of which vary between modalities and clinical or research requirements. Within positron emission tomography (PET) and nuclear medicine, phantoms have a well-established role in the validation of imaging protocols so as to reduce the administration of radioisotope to volunteers. Similarly, phantoms are used within magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to perform quality assurance on clinical scanners, and gel-based phantoms have a longstanding use within the MRI research community as tissue equivalent phantoms. In recent years, combined PET/MRI scanners for simultaneous acquisition have entered both research and clinical use. This review explores the designs and applications of phantom work within the field of simultaneous acquisition PET/MRI as published over the period of a decade. Common themes in the design, manufacture and materials used within phantoms are identified and the solutions they provided to research in PET/MRI are summarised. Finally, the challenges remaining in creating multimodal phantoms for use with simultaneous acquisition PET/MRI are discussed. No phantoms currently exist commercially that have been designed and optimised for simultaneous PET/MRI acquisition. Subsequently, commercially available PET and nuclear medicine phantoms are often utilised, with CT-based attenuation maps substituted for MR-based attenuation maps due to the lack of MR visibility in phantom housing. Tissue equivalent and anthropomorphic phantoms are often developed by research groups in-house and provide customisable alternatives to overcome barriers such as MR-based attenuation correction, or to address specific areas of study such as motion correction. Further work to characterise materials and manufacture methods used in phantom design would facilitate the ability to reproduce phantoms across sites.

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“…As hybrid imaging modalities are inherently multimodal, it is essential for physicists with different areas of expertise to collaborate closely. This is perhaps the most obvious in the case of PET/MRI, where MRI physicists are needed for setting up the MR protocols for dedicated and whole-body data acquisition, while the PET physicists must handle the PET data processing (including MR-based attenuation correction) and image reconstruction aspects [61].…”

Section: Combined or Hybrid Imaging And Related Physicsmentioning

confidence: 99%