Clinico-etiological profile and outcome of hyponatremia in hospitalised adult patients

Abstract

<p class="abstract"><strong><span lang="EN-US">Background:</span></strong><span lang="EN-US"> Hyponatremia is a common electrolyte abnormality in hospitalised patients. Incidence varies from 1% to 40%. It is common in the elderly, mainly owing to impaired water and electrolyte balance in response to diet, drugs and environmental changes. This study is to evaluate clinical features, aetiologies and outcome in patients with hyponatremia (Sr. Na <120 mmol/L at the time of admission).</span></p><p class="abstract"><strong><span lang="EN-US">Methods: </span></strong>An observational study was conducted in 76 patients admitted in Kamalnayan Bajaj Hospital, Aurangabad from August 2013 to August 2014. All patients having their serum sodium concentration less than 120 mmol/L were included in the study. History, examination and relevant details were taken. Outcome was noted. Student’s t-test, chi square test and Fisher’s exact test were applied for statistical analysis.</p><p class="abstract"><strong><span lang="EN-US">Results:</span></strong><span lang="EN-US"> In the present study, mean age of the patients was 59.4% years. 43% patients were euvolemic, 38% hypervolemic and 19% hypovolemic. Nausea (54%) was most common gastrointestinal while drowsiness (42%) was the most common neurological symptom. Etiology of hyponatremia was multifactorial in 76% cases. Use of diuretics (53%) was the most common etiological factor. SIADH was suspected in nine patients. Mortality was 21%. Most common comorbid conditions were hypertension (51%) and diabetes mellitus (42%).</span></p><p class="abstract"><strong><span lang="EN-US">Conclusions: </span></strong>Hyponatremia is a common electrolyte abnormality in hospitalised patients. There is an increasing tendency for it to occur with increasing age, hypertension, diabetes mellitus and use of drugs (diuretics). Nausea, vomiting and drowsiness are the commonest symptoms. Mortality is high, though not directly related to serum sodium levels. Hyponatremia acts as a poor prognostic marker of primary disease.</p>

Clinico-etiological Profile of Hyponatremia among Elderly Patients Admitted to a Tertiary Care Hospital, Guntur

“…A statistically significant difference was observed as Most of the Euvolemic patients were symptomatic (P<0.05). 43% patients were euvolemic, 38% patients were hypervolemic and 19% patients were hypovolemic in the Study by Baji et al 11 Bhattacharjee et al 17 study reported that Patients with euvolemia were observed to have more severe symptoms of hyponatremia compared to the other groups. In majority of the patients (43%), more than 1 method of correction was used in the present study.…”

“…14 patients presented with seizures. Baji et al 11 reported that drowsiness was the most common neurological symptom (42%). The major pre-existing illnesses Comorbidities in the study were Hypertension (58%) and diabetes mellitus (55%), Cardiac problems (31%), Renal problems (19%), Respiratory problems (18%).…”

Clinical Profile and Outcome of Patients With Hyponatremia at Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital

“…Parijat P et al [18] (2015) Mild hyponatremia was common and the SIADH was the commonest aetiology. The duration of hospital stay was inversely related to Na + levels.…”