Clinico-Pathologic Findings and Pathogen Screening in Fur Seals (Arctocephalus Australis and Arctocephalus Tropicalis) Stranded in Southeastern Brazil, 2018

Duarte-Benvenuto, Arícia; Sacristán, Carlos; Reisfeld, Laura; Santos-Costa, Priscilla Carla dos; Fernandes, Natália Carolina; Réssio, Rodrigo Albergaria; Mello, Daniela Magalhães Drummond de; Favero, Cíntia Maria; Groch, Kátia R.; Díaz‐Delgado, Josué; Catão‐Dias, José Luiz

doi:10.7589/jwd-d-21-00060

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…In NFS in the northern hemisphere, OtGHV4 appears to be endemic, and OtGHV1 has not been found in NFS despite reports of copulation between NFS and CSL, a species in which OtGHV1 is endemic [ 27 ]. A survey of Brazilian populations of SAFS and SubFS did not find the OtGHV1/4/8 clade in 23 animals [ 35 ]. The Peruvian SAFS population is genetically distinct, and may have a virome distinct from other SAFS [ 2 , 14 – 16 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While OtGHV2 is described in CSL, OtHV5 and 6 were initially sequenced from SAFS in Brazil. These viruses have also been detected in subantarctic fur seals ( Arctocephalus tropicalis , SubFS), the host where OtGHV7 was also found [ 33 , 35 ]. SubFS breed on islands north of the Antarctic convergence in the eastern hemisphere, but occasional vagrants are found in South America, where they may interact with SAFS [ 36 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…OtGHV2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7 have also been identified in otariid species, but their impact on health is not well understood [27][28][29][30][31][32][33]. These seven gammaherpesviruses form three clades, one containing OtGHV1 and 4 from CSL and NFS, respectively, one containing OtGHV3 from CSL in a clade utilizing hosts in the Caniformia including several phocids [34], and one in the genus Percavirus containing OtGHV2, 5, 6, and 7 [35]. While OtGHV2 is described in CSL, OtHV5 and 6 were initially sequenced from SAFS in Brazil.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Otariid gammaherpesvirus 1 in South American fur seals (Arctocephalus australis) and a novel related herpesvirus in free-ranging South American sea lions (Otaria byronia): Prevalence and effects of age, sex, and sample type

Tang,

Adkesson,

Cárdenas-Alayza

et al. 2024

PLoS ONE

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Otariid gammaherpesvirus 1 (OtGHV1) is associated with high rates of urogenital carcinoma in free-ranging California sea lions (Zalophus californianus; CSL), and until recently was reported only in the Northern Hemisphere. The objective of this study was to survey free-ranging South American sea lions (Otaria byronia; SASL) and South American fur seals (Arctocephalus australis: SAFS) in Punta San Juan, Peru for OtGHV1 and to determine prevalence characteristics. Twenty-one percent (14/67) of urogenital swabs collected over three years (2011, 2014, 2015) from live pinnipeds of both species tested positive with a pan-herpesvirus conventional PCR. Sequencing of SAFS amplicons revealed 100% homology to OtGHV1 at the DNA polymerase, glycoprotein B, and viral bcl2-like genes. Sequencing of SASL amplicons revealed a novel related virus, herein called Otariid gammaherpesvirus 8 (OtGHV8). For comparison of sample sites, urogenital, conjunctival, and oropharyngeal swabs collected from 136 live pinnipeds of both species at Punta San Juan between 2011–2018 were then assayed using quantitative PCR for a segment of the OtGHV1/8 DNA polymerase gene using a qPCR assay now determined to cross-react between the two viruses. In total, across both species, 38.6% (51/132) of urogenital swabs, 5.6% (4/71) of conjunctival swabs, and 1.1% (1/90) of oropharyngeal swabs were positive for OtGHV1/8, with SASL only positive on urogenital swabs. Results from SASL were complicated by the finding of OtGHV8, necessitating further study to determine prevalence of OtGHV1 versus OtGHV8 using an alternate assay. Results from SAFS suggest a potential relationship between OtGHV1 in SAFS and CSL. Though necropsy surveillance in SAFS is very limited, geographic patterns of OtGHV1-associated urogenital carcinoma in CSL and the tendency of herpesviruses to cause more detrimental disease in aberrant hosts suggests that it is possible that SAFS may be the definitive host of OtGHV1, which gives further insight into the diversity and phyogeography of this clade of related gammaherpesviruses.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Otariid gammaherpesvirus 1 in South American fur seals (Arctocephalus australis) and a novel related herpesvirus in free-ranging South American sea lions (Otaria byronia): Prevalence and effects of age, sex, and sample type

Tang,

Adkesson,

Cárdenas-Alayza

et al. 2024

PLoS ONE

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“…Similarly, the Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research (SCAR) 1997 recommendations discourage the release of rehabilitated Antarctic and Subantarctic seals, due to the potential threat of introduction of disease to free-ranging populations [85]. In an investigation of the pathology of rehabilitating fur seals, the authors reported the in situ treatment of a Subantarctic fur seal, in compliance with the SCAR recommendations [86]. Rehabilitated animals have the potential to become vectors of disease to wild populations, and treatments during rehabilitation can alter pathogens.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Systematic Review of Global Marine Mammal Rehabilitation and Refloating, 2000–2023

Simeone,

Rousselet,

Atkin

et al. 2024

Sustainability

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Rehabilitation of marine mammals is performed throughout the world, yet the impact of rehabilitation on individuals and populations is questionable given the lack of robust information on the rehabilitation process and post-release monitoring in most cases. The goals of this study were to perform a systematic review of existing literature on marine mammal rehabilitation between 2000–2023 to determine the current state of rehabilitation and to evaluate the rehabilitation and conservation factors that could be used to build a framework to assess the health of rehabilitation programs worldwide. A total of 418 publications encompassing 52 species of marine mammal were included in the systematic review. Rehabilitation efforts focused mostly on pinnipeds, and North America was the most represented region. Data are scarce for both short- and long-term post-release survival across species. Reports about species threatened with extinction were significantly more likely to include information about conservation parameters than those species of least concern. A meta-analysis demonstrated a fairly strong fit of the dimensions of the proposed framework for a rehabilitation health index. Further refinement would strengthen the utility of this tool for both rehabilitation and conservation programs.

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Sub-Antarctic fur seal, Arctocephalus tropicalis, crossing hemispheres far offshore at São Pedro and São Paulo archipelago, Brazil

et al. 2022

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Clinico-Pathologic Findings and Pathogen Screening in Fur Seals (Arctocephalus Australis and Arctocephalus Tropicalis) Stranded in Southeastern Brazil, 2018

Cited by 7 publications

References 44 publications

Otariid gammaherpesvirus 1 in South American fur seals (Arctocephalus australis) and a novel related herpesvirus in free-ranging South American sea lions (Otaria byronia): Prevalence and effects of age, sex, and sample type

Otariid gammaherpesvirus 1 in South American fur seals (Arctocephalus australis) and a novel related herpesvirus in free-ranging South American sea lions (Otaria byronia): Prevalence and effects of age, sex, and sample type

A Systematic Review of Global Marine Mammal Rehabilitation and Refloating, 2000–2023

Sub-Antarctic fur seal, Arctocephalus tropicalis, crossing hemispheres far offshore at São Pedro and São Paulo archipelago, Brazil

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