Clinico-Pathological Findings and Spatial Distributions of Esophageal Cancer in Arsi Zone, Oromia, Central Ethiopia

Abstract

Purpose: Arsi Zone is one of the esophageal cancer endemic areas and is reported to have a high incidence of esophageal cancer in Ethiopia. This study assessed clinicopathological patterns and spatial distributions of esophageal cancer in Arsi Zone, Oromia, Central Ethiopia. Methods: A cross-sectional study design was carried out by abstracting data of 403 patients treated from January 2015 to January 2019. Data were collected by using a structured data collection form and Geographical Positioning System software. The collected data were summarized in the form of tables, figures, means, and standard deviations. Statistical data analysis was done using SPSS software version 21.0 while geospatial analysis was conducted using the Arc-GIS 10.1 software. Results: The disease was prominent among individuals aged 50 to 59 years. The mean age of females and males was 52.2 (SD±10.41) and 56.94 (SD ±12.27) years respectively. The vast majority (98.3%) of cases had squamous cell carcinoma. Dysphagia with weight loss accounted for 87.6% of the presenting symptoms. A large proportion (42.9%) of patients had a tumor located at the lower thorax. The majority (62%) of patients were from the eastern and northeastern parts of the Arsi zone. Conclusion: Dysphagia with weight loss was the major symptom during the first visit. Squamous cell carcinoma was the predominant histopathological type. Eastern and the northeastern parts of the Zone are the most affected regions. Future studies should focus on the determinants of esophageal cancer and precise areas with high incidences by using the population and/or facility-based cancer registry systems.

Spatiotemporal Distribution, Time to Treatment Outcome Clustering and Determinants of Esophageal Cancer in Ethiopia, a Scoping Study

“…Only 5 of the studies (29.41%) obtained primary data, 53 , 58 , 59 , 62 , 65 whereas most studies (58.82%) relied on secondary data. 49 - 52 , 54 - 57 , 61 , 64 Of the investigations, 2 (11.76%) gathered both secondary and primary data. 60 , 63 Six of the studies were case-control studies, of which half were matched case control studies, 49 , 53 , 58 and the other half were unmatched case control studies 51 , 54 , 60 ; 3 studies were cross-sectional 57 , 64 , 65 ; 2 studies were cohort studies, 1 of which was prospective, 59 the other retrospective 55 ; 1 study was qualitative phenomenology 62 ; and for 4 studies, a clear study design was not reported.…”

“…60 , 63 Six of the studies were case-control studies, of which half were matched case control studies, 49 , 53 , 58 and the other half were unmatched case control studies 51 , 54 , 60 ; 3 studies were cross-sectional 57 , 64 , 65 ; 2 studies were cohort studies, 1 of which was prospective, 59 the other retrospective 55 ; 1 study was qualitative phenomenology 62 ; and for 4 studies, a clear study design was not reported. 50 , 52 , 56 , 61 The studies were carried out in Addis Ababa City (ie, on patients from Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital (TASH), 52 - 55 , 59 , 63 - 65 Mexico Higher Clinic (MHC), 53 , 54 the Adera Higher Clinic (AHC), 51 , 53 , 54 6 health facilities from Addis Ababa, 60 and Addis Ababa Cancer Registry (AACR) (three governmental hospitals and 12 private facilities submitted cancer cases) 61 ) (64.71%), 51 - 55 , 59 - 61 , 63 - 65 Yirga Alem (on patients from Sidama Regional Hospital) (5.88%), 50 Arsi zone (patients from Asella Teaching and Referral Hospital and others) (23.53%), 49 , 57 , 58 , 62 and 10 referral hospitals f...…”

“…Patients with thoracic esophageal cancer, 49 all patients with esophageal cancer, 50 , 55 - 58 , 60 - 65 patients who underwent esophagectomy, 52 and esophageal tumor patients who were 18 years or older at the time of diagnosis 51 , 53 , 54 , 59 were the criteria employed to include cases in the studies. The total sample size for the studies was 3,583, of which 2848 participants had esophageal cancer.…”

Consumption of porridge at Carcinogenic Temperature and Associated Factors in Esophageal Cancer Endemic Area in Ethiopia

“…Two Districts (Doddota and Sude) were randomly selected from districts that had the largest proportions of EC cases in the Zone [24]. Then, two Kebeles (lowest administrative units) were randomly selected from each District.…”

Risk factors of oesophageal cancer at health facilities in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: Unmatched case control study

“…Nonetheless, there is insufficient evidence on local risk factors for oesophageal cancer in Ethiopia. A small number of studies were conducted, but they were either limited to a specific area ( 11 ) or focused on single risk factor of oesophageal cancer ( 12 – 14 ). Thus, herein, taking into account the gaps from the previous studies, we were motivated to carry out this important study in selected health facilities of Addis Ababa to identify the local risk factors of oesophageal cancer in Ethiopia.…”