Clinico-pathological profile of paediatric head and neck cancers in Tanzania: Findings from the country’s largest tertiary hospital

Abraham, Zephania Saitabau; Ntunaguzi, Daudi; Kahinga, Aveline Aloyce; Swai, Henry; Mithe, Siwillis; Massawe, Enica Richard

doi:10.18203/issn.2454-5929.ijohns20193855

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…Head and neck cancers (HNCs) are malignant tumors occurring in various anatomical sites of the head and neck region such as nasal cavities, paranasal sinuses, nasopharynx, oral cavity, oropharynx, hypopharynx, larynx, ear, scalp, orofacial bones, thyroid and salivary glands [ 1 , 2 ].…”

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confidence: 99%

Awareness of head and neck cancer among patients attended at a regional referral hospital in Tanzania

2023

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Background Head and neck cancers (HNCs) are considered to be lethal and about 50% of the cases are diagnosed at advanced stages and are associated with poor prognosis. Despite the high disease burden globally, there are scarce studies on awareness of HNCs and this is the first study to explore such awareness in Tanzania. The study aimed at determining awareness of head and neck cancer among patients attended at a regional referral hospital in Tanzania. Methods A hospital based cross sectional study was conducted at Geita Regional Referral Hospital from April to May 2022 where 315 respondents were recruited. Simple random sampling technique was utilized and data was collected using structured questionnaires and analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23. Chi-square test was performed to establish the relationship between the selected independent and dependent variables. P-value < 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. Results More than half (54.9%) of the respondents considered themselves to be somewhat knowledgeable on head neck cancer. In the same study, 56.2% of the respondents didn’t know anatomical sites of head and neck cancer and over half (65.9%) of the respondents didn't know signs and symptoms of head and neck cancer. Cigarette smoking (73.7%) and alcohol consumption (65.1%) were the most correctly identified risk factors for HNCs. Regarding treatment options and preventive measures, 75.2% of the respondents knew cessation of cigarette smoking as a preventive measure for HNCs and surgery (91.7%) was the most known treatment option for head and neck. Similarly, a significant association was found between awareness on HNCs and some of the socio-demographic characteristics of the respondents. Conclusions Although majority of respondents considered themselves to be somewhat knowledgeable on HNCs, awareness by patients on anatomical sites, clinical features, risk factors, preventive measures and curability of head and neck cancer at the Regional Referral Hospital was minimal.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Awareness of head and neck cancer among patients attended at a regional referral hospital in Tanzania

2023

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Awareness of head and neck cancers at a regional referral hospital in Tanzania

Abraham

Mchele

Kahinga

2022

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Background Head and neck cancers (HNCs) are considered to be lethal and about 50% of the cases are diagnosed at advanced stages thus are associated with poor prognosis. Despite the high disease burden globally, there are scarce studies on awareness on HNCs and this is the first study in Tanzania to explore such awareness. Methods A hospital based cross sectional study was conducted at Geita Regional Referral Hospital from April to May 2022. Convenient sampling technique was utilized and data was collected using semi-structured questionnaires and analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23. P-value < 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. Results More than half (54.9%) of the respondents considered themselves to be somewhat knowledgeable on head neck cancers. In the same study, 56.2% of the respondents didn’t know anatomical sites of head and neck cancers and over half (65.9%) of the respondents didn't know signs and symptoms of head and neck cancers. Cigarette smoking (73.7%) and alcohol consumption (65.1%) were the most correctly identified risk factors for HNCs. Regarding treatment options and preventive measures, 75.2% of the respondents knew cessation of cigarette smoking as a preventive measure for HNCs and surgery (91.7%) was the most known treatment option for head and neck cancers. Similarly, a significant association was found between knowledge on HNCs and some of the socio-demographic characteristics of the respondents. Conclusion Although majority of respondents considered themselves to be somewhat knowledgeable on HNCs, overall awareness on anatomic sites, clinical features, risk factors, preventive measures and curability of head and neck cancers at the Regional Referral Hospital seems minimal.

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“…Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is a common mesenchymal malignancy in the pediatric population with a slight male preponderance [ 1 , 2 ]. In 2013, the World Health Organization (WHO) report on classification of RMS includes four histological subtypes namely alveolar, embryonal, pleomorphic and sclerosing or spindle cell types of RMS [ 3 ].…”

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Primary intratesticular rhabdomyosarcoma in children: a case report and review of the literature

Yahaya

Mremi

2021

J Med Case Reports

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Background The importance of this paper is to help to emphasize the importance of chemotherapy for children with pure intratesticular rhabdomyosarcoma after radical inguinal orchiectomy is done as first treatment of rhabdomyosarcoma. The information provided in this paper about the follow-up outcomes of the patient described in this paper, it highlights that, recurrence and even metastasis of intratesticular rhabdomyosarcoma in children are more likely to occur if surgery it not combined with chemotherapy. Case presentation Herein, we present a 6-year old African male child with a 3 months history of a painless right intratesticular tumour. The tumour was poorly vascularized and was in continuity with the spermatic cord. Pelvic computer tomography (CT) scan showed a heterogeneous mass with well-defined margins without microcalcification and multiple bilateral inguinal enlarged lymph nodes were noticed without pelvic lymphadenopathy. The tumour measured 3.8 × 2.8 × 3.9 cm. The tumour marker panel showed: lactate dehydrogenase of (472 UI/l), alpha-fetoprotein (1.43 UI/ml) and human chorionic gonadotrophin beta (2.9 mUI/ml). Microscopically, the tumour was composed of small to medium size undifferentiated cells. These were oval to spindle, hyperchromatic cells to stromal myxoid degeneration were noted. Tunica albuginea and rete testis both were infiltrated by tumour. The tumour showed high mitotic count which measured 50 mitoses per 10 High Power Field (HPF). The diagnosis of rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) was confirmed by immunohistochemistry (IHC) testing using myoD antibody which showed strong and diffuse intranuclear staining of the tumour cells. Currently, he is on cyclophosphamide and vincristine chemotherapy regime and his condition has improved much. Conclusions The experience obtained from the index case is crucial for the management of patients with intratesticular rhabdomyosarcoma which should always make sure that radical inguinal orchiectomy is covered by chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy. This will potentially lower the possibilities of recurrence and/or metastasis of the tumour, hence improving the prognosis of the patients. We report the clinical, radiological, and laboratory characteristics as well as the outcome of the patient.

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Clinico-pathological profile of paediatric head and neck cancers in Tanzania: Findings from the country’s largest tertiary hospital

Cited by 4 publications

References 13 publications

Awareness of head and neck cancer among patients attended at a regional referral hospital in Tanzania

Awareness of head and neck cancer among patients attended at a regional referral hospital in Tanzania

Awareness of head and neck cancers at a regional referral hospital in Tanzania

Primary intratesticular rhabdomyosarcoma in children: a case report and review of the literature

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