Clinicopathologic Implications of EpCAM and Sox2 Expression in Breast Cancer

El-Maqsoud, Nehad M. R. Abd; El-Rehim, Dalia M. Abd

doi:10.1016/j.clbc.2013.09.006

Cited by 32 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…This finding may indicate that SOX2-bearing cancer cells have an increased probability and ability to metastasize to the lymph node and supports the notion that SOX2 is crucial for breast cancer invasiveness and spread. Notably, a significantly increased SOX2 expression in lymph node metastasis compared with respective primary tumors was indicated (93). A similar finding was also reported in the study conducted by Lengerke et al, in which the data suggest that SOX2 is important in early breast carcinogenesis and that increased expression may promote metastatic potential (8).…”

Section: Association Between Sox2 and Lymph Node Metastasissupporting

confidence: 80%

Expression of SOX2 in oral squamous cell carcinoma and the association with lymph node metastasis

Ren

Zhang

2016

Oncology Letters

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Abstract. Oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCCs) are a growing problem in the world. The various existing treatments have not markedly improved the survival rate of patients with OSCC during the past three decades. Novel treatment strategies are required. Sex determining region Y-box 2 (SOX2) is a transcription factor that is involved in the maintenance of embryonic stem cell pluripotency and in multiple developmental processes. SOX2 expression was indicated to act as a prognostic factor in various types of tumors, including breast, colorectal, gastric and lung cancer and glioblastoma, and as a link between malignancy and stemness. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) may be responsible for the genesis, growth and metastatic spread of tumors. The poor survival outcomes for OSCC patients may be attributable to a poor selection of target cells for treatment, as current oral cancer therapies are generally aimed at the global mass of tumor. Therefore, the consideration that novel approaches to oral cancer may be targeted using SOX2 and CSCs appears reasonable. In order to better understand the oncogenic roles and the corresponding signal transduction pathways of the SOX2 protein, the present study emphasizes the role of SOX2 in OSCC, including the proteins associated with OSCC, and reviews the literature regarding the role of SOX2 in lymph node metastasis. The aim of the present study is to provide a reference for future studies that engage in research on the aforementioned subject.

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Section: Association Between Sox2 and Lymph Node Metastasissupporting

confidence: 80%

Expression of SOX2 in oral squamous cell carcinoma and the association with lymph node metastasis

Ren

Zhang

2016

Oncology Letters

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“…Previous studies in patients with breast cancers who did not undergo chemotherapy have demonstrated that increased EpCAM expression correlated with high nuclear grade, tumor size, and a triple negative phenotype . Agboola et al also showed that EpCAM expression in patients with basal‐like phenotype breast cancer significantly correlated with a shorter disease free interval .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…The clinical and pathological responses for all patients are shown in Table 1. Of all the 70 patients, 2 were cPD (3 %), 28 were cNC (40 %), 26 were cPR (37 %), and 14 were cCR (20 %). Clinical responders (cCR + cPR) included 40 patients (57 %).…”

Section: Clinical and Pathological Response Of Primary Breast Cancersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…EpCAM overexpression in breast carcinomas correlates with diminished OS rates, suggesting that its overexpression is associated with an aggressive behavior . Furthermore, several reports demonstrated that EpCAM promotes invasiveness of cancer cells; a phenomenon associated with a poor prognosis . A recent study showed that knockdown of EpCAM in breast cancer cells enhances the sensitivity to 5‐FU, resulting in more cell death .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…19,20 Furthermore, several reports demonstrated that EpCAM promotes invasiveness of cancer cells; a phenomenon associated with a poor prognosis. [21][22][23][24][25][26] A recent study showed that knockdown of EpCAM in breast cancer cells enhances the sensitivity to 5-FU, resulting in more cell death. 27 Collectively, these data indicate that EpCAM can be a therapeutic target for the treatment of chemotherapy-resistant breast cancer.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Higher expression of EpCAM is associated with poor clinical and pathological responses in breast cancer patients undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy

Ohashi

Kawahara

Fujii

et al. 2016

Pathology International

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Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) is a standard regimen in treatment of breast cancer patients, but some are resistant to NAC. We hypothesized that breast cancer cells overexpressing epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) could be resistant to NAC, contributing to a poor prognosis. Seventy patients with breast cancer were treated with NAC. Core needle biopsy (CNB) specimens and resected tumors before and after NAC, respectively, were examined for expression of EpCAM. In resected tumors, high EpCAM expression correlated with lymphovascular invasion status and nuclear grade (P = 0.01 and 0.008, respectively), and was associated with poor pathological and clinical responses (P < 0.001). High tumoral EpCAM expression in resected tumor was independently related to a poor pathological response. Patients with high EpCAM expression before and after NAC (high-to-high group) showed worse pathological and clinical responses (P = 0.008 and <0.001, respectively) than the patients with high and low EpCAM expression before and after NAC, respectively (high-to-low group). The overall survival rate of the high-tohigh group appeared shorter compared with the high-to lowgroup (P = 0.049). Our findings imply that higher levels of EpCAM in breast cancer may be associated with poor response to NAC via a potential chemoresistant effect.

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Esculentoside A suppresses breast cancer stem cell growth through stemness attenuation and apoptosis induction by blocking IL‐6/STAT3 signaling pathway

Liu

Dong

Sun

et al. 2018

Phytotherapy Research

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Breast cancer stem cells (CSCs) survive in inflammatory microenvironment, their survival are regulated by inflammatory cytokines and signaling pathways. Esculentoside A (EsA), a triterpene saponin derived from the root of Phytolacca esculenta, possesses antiinflammation effects; but whether it has anticancer activity is unknown. The purpose of this study is to test the inhibitory effect of EsA on the growth of breast CSCs and to elucidate its probable mechanisms of action. The proliferation inhibitory effect of EsA on breast CSCs in vitro were determined by cytotoxicity, mammosphere formation inhibition, apoptotic cell detection assays, and in vivo tumor growth inhibition experiment. The possible molecular mechanisms elucidating the inhibitory effect of EsA on breast CSC growth were examined with western blotting. EsA caused proliferation and mammosphere formation inhibition of breast CSCs; induced breast CSCs apoptotic death; suppressed the growth of tumors generated from breast CSCs significantly; the expressions of stemness proteins including ALDH1A1, Sox2, and Oct4 were downregulated; proapoptotic proteins, Bax and cleaved caspase-3 were upregulated, whereas the antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2 was reduced; IL-6/STAT3 pathway proteins including IL-6, phosphorylated STAT3 (Tyr705), and STAT3 (Ser727) were downregulated significantly in EsA-treated breast CSCs and tumor tissues. EsA inhibited breast CSC growth in vitro and in vivo through stemness attenuation and apoptosis induction by blocking IL-6/STAT3 signaling pathway; it might serve as a novel candidate agent for human breast cancer treatment and/or prevention.

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Clinicopathologic Implications of EpCAM and Sox2 Expression in Breast Cancer

Cited by 32 publications

References 31 publications

Expression of SOX2 in oral squamous cell carcinoma and the association with lymph node metastasis

Expression of SOX2 in oral squamous cell carcinoma and the association with lymph node metastasis

Higher expression of EpCAM is associated with poor clinical and pathological responses in breast cancer patients undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy

Esculentoside A suppresses breast cancer stem cell growth through stemness attenuation and apoptosis induction by blocking IL‐6/STAT3 signaling pathway

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