Clinicopathological assessment of cancer/testis antigens NY‑ESO‑1 and MAGE‑A4 in osteosarcoma

Abstract

The cancer/testis antigens (CTAs), New York esophageal squamous cell carcinoma-1 (NY-ESO-1) and melanoma antigen gene (MAGE)-A4 are normally restricted to male germ cells but are aberrantly expressed in several cancers. Considering the limited information regarding their significance in osteosarcoma (OS), the purpose of this study was to determine the clinical significance of NY-ESO-1 and MAGE-A4 expression in OS. Nine patients with OS treated at Kindai University Hospital were included in the study. The median age was 27 years, and median follow-up period was 40 months. The specimens obtained at the time of biopsy were used to perform immunostaining for NY-ESO, MAGE-A4, p53, and Ki-67. The positive cell rates and positive case rates of NY-ESO, MAGE-A4, p53, and Ki-67 were calculated. The correlation between the positive cell rate of immunohistochemical markers was also calculated. The correlation between the positive cell rate of NY-ESO-1 or MAGE-A4 and tumor size or maximum standardized uptake (SUV-max) was also determined. The positive cell rates of NY-ESO-1 or MAGE-A4 in continuous disease-free (CDF) cases were also compared with those in alive with disease (AWD) or dead of disease (DOD) cases. The average positive cell rates of NY-ESO, MAGEA4, p53, and Ki-67 were 71.7%, 85.1%, 16.2%, and 14.7%, and their positive case rates were 33.3%, 100%, 44.4%, and 100%, respectively. The positivity rates of NY-ESO-1 and p53 were strongly correlated, whereas those of NY-ESO-1 and Ki-67 were moderately correlated. The MAGE-A4 and p53 positivity rates and the MAGE-A4 and Ki-67 positive cell rates were both strongly correlated. The NY-ESO-1 and MAGE-A4 positivity rates were moderately correlated. The positive correlation between the NY-ESO-1 positive cell rate and tumor size was medium, and that between the MAGE-A4 positivity rate and SUV-max was very strong. There was no significant difference in the positive cell rates of NY-ESO-1 or MAGE-A4 between CDF cases and AWD or DOD cases. Overall, our results suggest that NY-ESO-1 and MAGE-A4 may be involved in the aggressiveness of OS.

Emerging Multifunctional Carbon‐Nanomaterial‐Based Biosensors for Cancer Diagnosis

“…In the early diagnosis of cancer, varieties of protein biomarkers have been exploited experimentally to detect disease states. [ 116 ] For instance, alpha‐feto protein (AFP), [ 117 ] carcinoembryogenic antigen (CEA), [ 118 ] carbohydrate antigen 15 (CA 15‐3), [ 119 ] prostate‐specific antigen (PSA), [ 120 ] and New York esophageal squamous cell carcinoma‐1 (NY‐ESO1) [ 121 ] are typical examples of protein biomarkers in cancer diseases. [ 122 ] Among these, AFP is a glycoprotein with a size of 70 kDa, primarily produced in the fetal liver and yolk sac toward the end of the first trimester of pregnancy.…”

Cancer testis antigen subfamilies: Attractive targets for therapeutic vaccine (Review)

“…As a well-studied CTA, NY-ESO-1 protein expression has been identified in a variety of cancers, but not in normal adult tissues except immune-privileged organs, such as the testis and placenta (123). NY-ESO-1 has been detected in myxoid liposarcoma (45/64, 70.3%) (124), SS (20/25, 80.0%) (123), osteosarcoma (3/9, 33.3%) (125), esophageal cancer (83/227, 36.6%) (126), colorectal cancer (13/60, 21.7%) and breast cancer (37/97, 38.1%) (127), In addition, upregulated NY-ESO-1 was found in metastatic tumor sites and to be associated with high risk of recurrence and a poor survival rate (128)(129)(130)(131). So far, the expression pattern of NY-ESO-1 has been fully illustrated by several excellent reviews (121,(132)(133)(134).…”

Sarcoma Immunotherapy: Confronting Present Hurdles and Unveiling Upcoming Opportunities

“…Among the several CTAs identified in sarcomas to date, New York esophageal squamous cell carcinoma 1 (NY-ESO-1), melanoma-associated antigen (MAGE), and preferentially expressed antigen of melanoma (PRAME) are the most prevalent ( Kakimoto et al, 2019 ; Wei et al, 2020 ). NY-ESO-1 is detected in various sarcoma subtypes, including myxoid liposarcomas, osteosarcomas, and synovial sarcomas ( Hashimoto et al, 2022 ; Jungbluth et al, 2001 ; Kakimoto et al, 2019 ). MAGE expression has been observed in osteosarcoma, synovial sarcoma, and myxoid/round cell liposarcoma, with distinct MAGE subtypes exhibiting variable expression levels.…”