Clinicopathological features and survival for gallbladder NEN: a population-based study

Cen, Dong; Liu, Hui; Wan, Zhe; Lin, Zone‐Ching; Wang, Yanting; Xu, Junjie; Liang, Yuelong

doi:10.1530/ec-19-0124

Cited by 23 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…In another study of 8 GB-NEC patients, the median age was 60 years and the male to female ratio was 1:3. [ 15 ] Cen et al [ 1 ] collected the data of 248 GB-NEN cases from the SEER database, including 169 GB-NEC cases and the majority were female (70.4%), white (75.7%), and married (60.4%).…”

Section: Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[ 32 ] The patients undergoing surgery had better survival than patients without surgery. [ 1 ] It has been reported that simple cholecystectomy could be performed for in situ GB-NENs and those of T1N0M0 stage. [ 3 ] In the study performed by Liu et al, [ 33 ] all 3 patients with GB-NEC were in the stage of T1bN0M0 and underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy with gallbladder bed cautery without any postoperative chemotherapy or radiotherapy.…”

Section: Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) are a group of rare and heterogeneous tumors originated from disseminated neuroendocrine cells with the incidence of about 6.98 per 100,000 people in 2012. [ 1 ] They are more commonly found in the gastrointestinal tract and respiratory tract, accounting for 66% and 31% of all NENs, respectively. [ 2 ] Primary gallbladder neuroendocrine neoplasms (GB-NENs) comprise only 0.5% of all NENs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Update in clinical management for gallbladder neuroendocrine carcinoma

et al. 2021

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Background: Gallbladder neuroendocrine carcinoma (GB-NEC) is rare and there are few reports at present. We sought to review the current knowledge of GB-NEC and provide recommendations for clinical management. Methods: A systemic literature research was conducted in the websites of Pubmed, Medline, Web of Science, CNKI, Wanfang Data using the keywords including gallbladder combined with neuroendocrine carcinoma or neuroendocrine tumor or neuroendocrine neoplasm. Two reviewers independently screened the articles by reading the title, abstract and full-text. Results: In computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examination, a well-defined margin, gallbladder replacing type with larger hepatic and lymphatic metastases could be helpful for differential diagnosis of GB-NEC and gallbladder adenocarcinoma (GB-ADC). Older age, unmarried status, large tumor size (>5 cm), positive margins, and distant Surveillance, Epidemiology and End result (SEER) stage are independently associated with poor survival. Surgical resection remains as the preferred and primary treatment. The potential survival benefit of lymphadenectomy for patients remains controversial. Platinum-based postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy may improve the survival. The efficacy of other treatments including immunotherapy, targeted therapy and somatostatin analogue needs further investigation. Conclusion: Typical imaging features could be helpful for preoperative diagnosis. Age, margin status, tumor size, marital status, histopathologic subtype and SEER stage may be independent predictors for the survival. Remarkable advances regarding the treatment for GB-NEC have been achieved in recent years. Further studies are needed to investigate the survival benefit of lymphadenectomy for patients with GB-NEC.

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Section: Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Update in clinical management for gallbladder neuroendocrine carcinoma

et al. 2021

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“…[ 1 ] According to the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End result (SEER) database, the incidence of NENs in America was 6.98 per 100,000 in 2012. [ 2 ] They are more common in gastrointestinal tract and respiratory tract, accounting for 66% and 31% of all NENs, respectively. [ 3 ] Primary gallbladder neuroendocrine neoplasm (GB-NEN), which comprises only 0.5% of all NENs, is extremely rare in clinical practice with few reports.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gallbladder neuroendocrine carcinoma

et al. 2020

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Gallbladder neuroendocrine carcinoma (GB-NEC) is a group of rare and heterogeneous neoplasms and there are few reports at present. We analyzed the clinical and pathological features of 7 patients with GB-NEC who were admitted to Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital from January 2011 to October 2019. The median age of 7 patients was 58 years with male to female ratio of 1:2.5. Right upper quadrant discomfort was the main complaint and no patients presented carcinoid syndrome-related symptoms. In contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) examination, 5 of 6 patients showed well-defined margin and continuous thin line-like contrast enhancement on the mucosa. Among the patients with liver metastases before surgery, 66.7% of patients were cancer antigen 125 (CA-125) positive, and among the patients presented with liver metastases during follow-up period, all patients were CA-125 positive. All patients with elevated CA-125 did not have ascites, ovarian carcinoma, peritoneal carcinoma, and endometrial carcinoma. According to postoperative pathological report, 1 patient was stage IIIA, and the other 6 patients were stage IVB. Six patients underwent surgery, and 1 patient just underwent liver biopsy. Two patients underwent laparoscopic radical cholecystectomy, and neither of them encountered serious complications after surgery with the overall survival time of 4.6 and 16.8 months, respectively. Compared with the patients without chemotherapy, 3 patients postoperatively treated with chemotherapy lived longer. The median survival of all 7 patients was 4.6 months and the 1-, 2-year survival rates were 14.29%, 0%. Surgical resection, including laparoscopic radical cholecystectomy, is feasible for the treatment of advanced GB-NEC in selected patients and has the advantages of prolonging survival in combination with chemotherapy. The elevation of CA-125 can be utilized as an important predictor of poor prognosis, while more investigations are necessary to confirm it.

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“…The recent studies, which proposed prognostic nomograms/systems, pointed out that patient and tumor-related factors are closely associated with prognosis of GBC patients 7,8 . Notably, several studies have found that tumor size, as an easily quanti able indicator in imaging diagnosis and preoperative assessment, can affect the survival outcome of GBC patients [7][8][9] . However, the optimal cutoff value of tumor size for predicting prognosis of GBC is still controversial.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and external validation of a nomogram for predicting the effect of tumor size on cancer specific survival of resected gallbladder cancer: a population-based study.

Zhang

Han

Wang

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background & Aims: The impact of tumor size on account of the long-term survival results in gallbladder cancer (GBC) patients has been controversial. It is urgent necessary to identify the optimal cutoff value of tumor size in resected GBC, and we attempted to integrate tumor size with other prognostic factors into a prognostic nomogram to predict the cancer-specific survival (CSS) of GBC patients. Methods 1639 patients with resected GBC were extracted from the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database. X-tile program was used to identify the optimal cutoff value of tumor size. A nomogram including tumor size was established to predict 1-, 3- and 5-year CSS based on the independent risk factors chosen by univariate and multivariable cox analyses. The precision of the nomogram for predicting survival was validated with Harrell’s concordance index (C-index), calibration curves, and receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) internally and externally. Results Patients with GBC were classified into 1–13 mm, 14–63 mm and 64 mm subgroup based on the optimal cutoff for tumor size in terms of CSS. The nomogram according to the independent factors was well calibrated and displayed better discrimination power than 7th Tumor-Node-Metastasis (TNM) stage systems. Conclusions The results demonstrated that increased tumor size is closely associated with the worse CSS. Our novel nomogram, which outperforms the conventional TNM staging system, showed satisfactory accuracy and clinically practicality for predicting the outcome of resected GBC patients.

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Clinicopathological features and survival for gallbladder NEN: a population-based study

Cited by 23 publications

References 23 publications

Update in clinical management for gallbladder neuroendocrine carcinoma

Update in clinical management for gallbladder neuroendocrine carcinoma

Gallbladder neuroendocrine carcinoma

Development and external validation of a nomogram for predicting the effect of tumor size on cancer specific survival of resected gallbladder cancer: a population-based study.

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