Clinicopathological Parameters and Immunohistochemical Profiles in Correlation with MRI Characteristics in Glioblastomas

Abstract

Glioblastoma is considered the most aggressive tumor of the central nervous system. The tumor microenvironment includes several components, such as endothelial cells, immune cells, and extracellular matrix components like matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), which facilitates the proliferation of endothelial cells with pro-angiogenic roles. The MRI characteristics of glioblastomas can contribute to determining the prognosis. The aim of this study was to analyze the relationship between tumor angiogenesis in glioblastomas in association with MMP-9 immunoexpression. The results were correlated with the Ki-67 proliferation index, p53 immunoexpression, and the mutational status of IDH1 and ATRX, as well as MRI imaging data. This retrospective study included forty-four patients diagnosed with glioblastoma at the Department of Pathology, Târgu Mureș County Emergency Clinical Hospital. MMP-9 immunoexpression was observed in approximately half of the cases, more frequently in patients over 65 years old. Comparing the imaging data with the immunohistochemical results, we observed that the median tumor volume was higher in glioblastomas with IDH1 and p53 mutations, ATRX wild-type status, negative MMP-9 expression, and high Ki-67 proliferation indexes. The median values of MVD-CD34 and MVD-CD105 were higher in cases with extensive peritumoral edema in the contralateral hemisphere. Additionally, ATRX mutations were frequently associated with a more pronounced deviation of the median structures. To statistically validate the associations between MRI and the histopathological features of glioblastomas, further studies with larger cohorts are required.