Clip-Domain Serine Protease Gene (LsCLIP3) Is Essential for Larval–Pupal Molting and Immunity in Lasioderma serricorne

Yang, Wen‐Jia; Chen, Chunxu; Yan, Yi; Xu, Kang; Li, Can

doi:10.3389/fphys.2019.01631

Cited by 18 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…The serine proteases constitute a large family of proteolytic enzymes in insects. While chymotrypsin and trypsin are the major digestive serine proteases [ 46 ], the clip-domain serine proteases play an important role in insect development and immunity [ 47 , 48 ]. Hessian fly larvae feeding on host and nonhost plants showed differential regulation of 54 serine proteases including chymotrypsin, trypsin, and clip-domain classes ( Figure 7 a).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Clip-domain proteases are involved in mediating protein–protein interactions or regulating a serine protease cascade that activates synthesis of antimicrobial peptides and prophenoloxidase [ 51 , 52 ], thus suggesting that these proteins are possibly involved in innate immunity in V3 and Bd3 larvae. In addition, clip-domain proteases are crucial in larval-pupal molting [ 48 ]. V3 larvae have several genes up-regulated that probably play a role in the growth and development of the larvae into pupae, while the Bd3 larvae had lower levels of expression for these genes that may account for why the larvae on Bd plants have a prolonged 2nd-instar phase without ever reaching pupation.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparative Hessian Fly Larval Transcriptomics Provides Novel Insight into Host and Nonhost Resistance

Subramanyam

Nemacheck

Xie

et al. 2021

IJMS

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The Hessian fly is a destructive pest of wheat. Employing additional molecular strategies can complement wheat’s native insect resistance. However, this requires functional characterization of Hessian-fly-responsive genes, which is challenging because of wheat genome complexity. The diploid Brachypodium distachyon (Bd) exhibits nonhost resistance to Hessian fly and displays phenotypic/molecular responses intermediate between resistant and susceptible host wheat, offering a surrogate genome for gene characterization. Here, we compared the transcriptomes of Biotype L larvae residing on resistant/susceptible wheat, and nonhost Bd plants. Larvae from susceptible wheat and nonhost Bd plants revealed similar molecular responses that were distinct from avirulent larval responses on resistant wheat. Secreted salivary gland proteins were strongly up-regulated in all larvae. Genes from various biological pathways and molecular processes were up-regulated in larvae from both susceptible wheat and nonhost Bd plants. However, Bd larval expression levels were intermediate between larvae from susceptible and resistant wheat. Most genes were down-regulated or unchanged in avirulent larvae, correlating with their inability to establish feeding sites and dying within 4–5 days after egg-hatch. Decreased gene expression in Bd larvae, compared to ones on susceptible wheat, potentially led to developmentally delayed 2nd-instars, followed by eventually succumbing to nonhost resistance defense mechanisms.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Hessian Fly Larval Transcriptomics Provides Novel Insight into Host and Nonhost Resistance

Subramanyam

Nemacheck

Xie

et al. 2021

IJMS

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“…SPs play crucial roles in insect development and innate immunity. RNAi-mediated silencing of SPs results in severe molting defects, specifically by reducing the expression of genes in the 20E synthesis and signaling pathway, and increases larval sensitivity to bacteria ( Broehan et al, 2010 ; Yang et al, 2019 ). In silkworm PGs, the transcripts of BmTrypsin-1 and BmACSS3 were significantly increased from 24 to 72 h after BmNPV infection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Precocious Metamorphosis of Silkworm Larvae Infected by BmNPV in the Latter Half of the Fifth Instar

Zhang

Wang

et al. 2021

Front. Physiol.

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The mulberry silkworm (Bombyx mori) is a model organism, and BmNPV is a typical baculovirus. Together, these organisms form a useful model to investigate host–baculovirus interactions. Prothoracic glands (PGs) are also model organs, used to investigate the regulatory effect of synthetic ecdysone on insect growth and development. In this study, day-4 fifth instar silkworm larvae were infected with BmNPV. Wandering silkworms appeared in the infected groups 12 h earlier than in the control groups, and the ecdysone titer in infected larvae was significantly higher than that of the control larvae. We then used RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) to analyze silkworm PGs 48 h after BmNPV infection. We identified 15 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) that were classified as mainly being involved in metabolic processes and pathways. All 15 DEGs were expressed in the PGs, of which Novel01674, BmJing, and BmAryl were specifically expressed in the PGs. The transcripts of BmNGDN, BmTrypsin-1, BmACSS3, and BmJing were significantly increased, and BmPyd3, BmTitin, BmIGc2, Novel01674, and BmAryl were significantly decreased from 24 to 72 h in the PGs after BmNPV infection. The changes in the transcription of these nine genes were generally consistent with the transcriptome data. The upregulation of BmTrypsin-1 and BmACSS3 indicate that these DEGs may be involved in the maturation process in the latter half of the fifth instar of silkworm larvae. These findings further our understanding of silkworm larval development, the interaction between BmNPV infection and the host developmental response, and host–baculovirus interactions in general.

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“…To determine RNAi efficiency, the relative expression levels of LsCDA1 in both the dsLsCDA1 and dsGFP groups at 1, 3, and 5 days post-injection were detected by qPCR, as described above. To explore the effects of LsCDA1 RNAi on chitin metabolism, a chitin content assay was performed according to the previously described method [69]. In brief, the chitin content of whole insect bodies was measured by the SpectraMax M2 microplate reader (Molecular Devices, Sunnyvale, CA, USA) at 3 days after dsRNA injection.…”

Section: Function Analysis Of Lscda1 By Rnaimentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Chitin Deacetylase 1 in the Molting and Metamorphosis of the Cigarette Beetle Lasioderma serricorne

Yang

Yan

et al. 2020

IJMS

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Chitin deacetylases (CDAs) are chitin-modifying enzymes known to play vital roles in insect metamorphosis and development. In this study, we identified and characterized a chitin deacetylase 1 gene (LsCDA1) from the cigarette beetle Lasioderma serricorne. LsCDA1 contains a 1614 bp open reading frame encoding a protein of 537 amino acids that includes domain structures typical of CDAs. LsCDA1 was mainly expressed in the late larval and late pupal stages. In larval tissues, the highest level of LsCDA1 was detected in the integument. The expression of LsCDA1 was induced by 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) in vivo, and it was significantly suppressed by knocking down the expression of ecdysteroidogenesis genes and 20E signaling genes. RNA interference (RNAi)-aided silencing of LsCDA1 in fifth-instar larvae prevented the larval–pupal molt and caused 75% larval mortality. In the late pupal stage, depletion of LsCDA1 resulted in the inhibition of pupal growth and wing abnormalities, and the expression levels of four wing development-related genes (LsDY, LsWG, LsVG, and LsAP) were dramatically decreased. Meanwhile, the chitin contents of LsCDA1 RNAi beetles were significantly reduced, and expressions of three chitin synthesis pathway genes (LsTRE1, LsUAP1, and LsCHS1) were greatly decreased. The results suggest that LsCDA1 is indispensable for larval–pupal and pupal–adult molts, and that it is a potential target for the RNAi-based control of L. serricorne.

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Clip-Domain Serine Protease Gene (LsCLIP3) Is Essential for Larval–Pupal Molting and Immunity in Lasioderma serricorne

Cited by 18 publications

References 48 publications

Comparative Hessian Fly Larval Transcriptomics Provides Novel Insight into Host and Nonhost Resistance

Comparative Hessian Fly Larval Transcriptomics Provides Novel Insight into Host and Nonhost Resistance

Precocious Metamorphosis of Silkworm Larvae Infected by BmNPV in the Latter Half of the Fifth Instar

Role of Chitin Deacetylase 1 in the Molting and Metamorphosis of the Cigarette Beetle Lasioderma serricorne

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