Clitoria ternatea Flower Petal Extract Inhibits Adipogenesis and Lipid Accumulation in 3T3-L1 Preadipocytes by Downregulating Adipogenic Gene Expression

Abstract

Clitoria ternatea (commonly known as blue pea) flower petal extract (CTE) is used as a natural colorant in a variety of foods and beverages. The objective of study was to determine the inhibitory effect of CTE on adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. The phytochemical profiles of CTE were analyzed by liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Anti-adipogenesis effect of CTE was measured by using Oil Red O staining, intracellular triglyceride assay, quantitative real-time PCR and western blot analysis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Cell cycle studies were performed by flow cytometry. Lipolysis experiments were performed using a colorimetric assay kit. In early stages, CTE demonstrated anti-adipogenic effects through inhibition of proliferation and cell cycle retardation by suppressing expression of phospho-Akt and phospho-ERK1/2 signaling pathway. The results also showed that CTE inhibited the late stage of differentiation through diminishing expression of adipogenic transcription factors including PPARγ and C/EBPα. The inhibitory action was subsequently attenuated in downregulation of fatty acid synthase and acetyl-CoA carboxylase, causing the reduction of TG accumulation. In addition, CTE also enhanced catecholamine-induced lipolysis in adipocytes. These results suggest that CTE effectively attenuates adipogenesis by controlling cell cycle progression and downregulating adipogenic gene expression.

Inula britannica Inhibits Adipogenesis of 3T3-L1 Preadipocytes via Modulation of Mitotic Clonal Expansion Involving ERK 1/2 and Akt Signaling Pathways

“…Additionally, IAE inhibited the expression of C/EBP-β and the activation of STAT3. Consistent with preceding results, previous studies have reported that plant extracts and their phytochemicals inhibit adipogenesis and lipid accumulation through suppression of MCE, which was dependent on the regulation of cell cycle progression and/or suppression of transcription factors [ 50 , 51 , 52 ]. For instance, Gleditsia sinensis fruit extract suppressed MCE and adipogenesis through the inhibition of p27 KIP1 degradation and the activation of STAT3 [ 7 ].…”

Chrysanthemum morifolium Flower Extract Inhibits Adipogenesis of 3T3-L1 Cells via AMPK/SIRT1 Pathway Activation

“…Obesity is a state in which body fat is excessively accumulated and may cause social problems because of decreased quality of life and the development of chronic diseases. Many researchers have attempted to determine whether natural food materials are effective in preventing obesity by inhibiting adipogenesis [21][22][23][24]. Recent studies demonstrated the anti-obesity effects of extracts of Chrysanthemum indium and Chrysanthemum zawadskii in the Compositae family [25][26][27][28].…”

Phenolic Compounds with Antioxidant Properties from Canola Meal Extracts Inhibit Adipogenesis

“…Growth of triglycerides (TG) in mature adipocyte is triggered when adipogenic transcriptional factors such as PPARγ/CCAT/enhancer-binding protein (C/EBP) are expressed [24]. It leads to a pathway to regulate fatty acid synthase (FAS) and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) [25]. PPARγ can detect lipase activity [26].…”