Clitoris metastasis from a retroperitoneal leiomyosarcoma: A case report

Abstract

Leiomyosarcoma is a rare form of cancer commonly found in the retroperitoneum, uterus, stomach, small intestine and vascular tissue. Surgery with a wide margin of resection is the most effective treatment. Nevertheless, metastasis is common and generally occurs within the first 3 years. The liver and lungs are the most common sites of metastasis in leiomyosarcoma. Other sites of metastasis include bone, spleen, soft tissues and brain. Metastatic tumours of the clitoris are extremely rare. As cited in the literature, the most common cancers that metastasize to the clitoris are breast, bladder, renal and gastric. Here, we report a case of a clitoral mass in a 64-year-old woman who received an operation for retroperitoneal leiomyosarcoma 4 years prior. Mass resection was performed. The pathological diagnosis was a leiomyosarcoma metastasis. The patient also presented with brain and lung metastases at the time of the clitoral metastasis. This is the first case of clitoral and brain metastases originating from a retroperitoneal leiomyosarcoma.

Clitoral priapism due to distant clitoral metastasis of high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma: A case report and review of the literature

“…While any cutaneous metastasis is uncommon, distant clitoral metastases are extremely rare at initial presentation and, to date, have not been reported in high-grade serous carcinoma of the ovary. Case reports of clitoral metastases include patients with a retroperitoneal leiomyosarcoma as well as bladder, breast, renal, stomach, cervix, uterus and anorectal carcinomas ( Cokmert et al, 2014 ; Julien et al, 2012 ; Filho et al, 2014 ). One report by Karpate et al reports a patient with probable ovarian adenocarcinoma presenting with a recurrence as clitoral and skin nodules ( Karpate et al, 2009 ).…”

Metachronous vulvar ectopic breast cancer, a case report and literature review

“…Ectopic breast tissue may respond to physiological stresses and hormonal stimulation and develop benign and malignant histopathologic changes similar to those seen in normal breast tissues, including invasive and in situ carcinoma (Kitamura et al, 1995). Although breast cancer is the most common malignancy in women, both metastatic and primary breast cancer arising from the vulva are extremely rare and only a limited number of cases have been published in the literature (Cokmert et al, 2014, Kitamura et al, 1995). Breast carcinoma may be present in the vulva as either a distant metastasis or as a primary carcinoma arising in ectopic mammary tissue.…”