Clock Drawing in Alzheimer's Disease

Sunderland, Trey; Hill, James L.; Mellow, Alan M.; Lawlor, Brian A.; Gundersheimer, Joshua; Newhouse, Paul; Grafman, Jordan

doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.1989.tb02233.x

Cited by 886 publications

(281 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Participants underwent the following battery of tests and questionnaires: Boston Diagnostic Aphasia Examination (BDAE) 10 , Gesture Praxis Protocol (BDAE) 10 12 , Digit Span ( forward and backwards) 13 , Visual Memory (BCB-Edu) 14 , the Clock-Drawing Test (CDT) 15 , and FAS-COWA. Depressive symptoms were evaluated through the Hamilton Rating Depression Scale 21-item version (HRDS-21) 16 , with a cut off score of 7.…”

Section: Materials and Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitive deficits in post-stroke aphasia

Bonini

Radanovic

2015

Arq. Neuro-Psiquiatr.

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The assessment of aphasics’ cognitive performance is challenging and such patients are generally excluded from studies that describe cognitive deficits after stroke. We evaluated aphasics’ performance in cognitive tasks compared to non-aphasic subjects. A sample of 47 patients (21 aphasics, 17 non-aphasics with left hemisphere lesions and 9 non-aphasics with right hemisphere lesions) performed cognitive tasks (attention, verbal and visual memory, executive functions, visuospatial skills and praxis). Aphasic patients performed poorer than all non-aphasics in Digit Span (p < 0.001), Clock-Drawing Test (p = 0.006), Verbal memory (p = 0.002), Visual Memory (p < 0.01), Verbal Fluency (p < 0.001), and Gesture Praxis (p < 0.001). Aphasia severity correlated with performance in Trail Making test part B (p = 0.004), Digit Span forward (p < 0.001) and backwards (p = 0.011), and Gesture Praxis (p = 0.002). Aphasia is accompanied by deficits not always easy to be evaluated by cognitive tests due to speech production and motor impairments. Assessment of cognitive functions in aphasics might contribute to optimize therapeutic intervention.

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Section: Materials and Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitive deficits in post-stroke aphasia

Bonini

Radanovic

2015

Arq. Neuro-Psiquiatr.

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“…On the other hand, only one of the application conditions of the test, usually the verbal command condition, has generally been evaluated and scored [4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13]. Although some authors have noted an IP with the copy command as compared to the verbal command in the CDT, this fact may not have been sufficiently emphasized in the published reports [14,16,17,18, 31].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improvement Pattern in the Clock Drawing Test in Early Alzheimer’s Disease

Cacho

García²,

Fernández‐Calvo³

et al. 2005

Eur Neurol

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Objective: The aim of this paper was to compare the performance of a group of patients with early Alzheimer’s disease (EAD) against a control group of healthy control (HC) subjects in the Clock Drawing Test (CDT), i.e. verbal command versus copying of a clock model presented to the subject. Patients and Methods: The authors have studied 140 subjects; 70 patients with probable EAD, with a mean age of 76.4 ± 7.64 years and a clinical dementia rating stage 1 (mild dementia), and70 HC with a mean age of 75.16 ± 6.34 years. Results: Patients in the EAD group obtained significantly higher scores on the copy command mode than on the verbal command mode (Z = –7.129, p < 0.001) – improvement pattern of the CDT – whereas no statistically significant differences were found in the HC group (Z = –2.001, p < 0.080). Within the group of EAD patients, we have noticed that there is a correlation between the copy command mode and the visual-constructive functions of the Cambridge Cognitive Examination (CAMCOG) (r = 0.607, p < 0.01), while the memory functions of the CAMCOG correlate with the verbal command mode (r = 0.704, p < 0.01). Conclusions: In our study, the EAD patients show an improvement pattern in the execution of the CDT copy command in comparison with the execution of the CDT verbal command, which we did not observe in the HC group. Such results might be associated with a greater deterioration of the memory functions when compared with the visual-constructive ones in the patients with EAD.

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“…In this study, the scoring was done using the method developed by Sunderland and Colleagues (Sunderland et al, 1989).…”

Section: Toolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Profile of Neurocognitive Functioning in Adults Infected with HIV

et al. 2016

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Since the very beginning of the course of infection, HIV enters into the CNS and it is reflected through neurological disorders. The aim of this study was to assess and subsequently compare the neurocognitive functioning of treatment-naive adults with HIV Stage I, II & peer control. Cross-sectional Case-control study design was followed. 22 adults (11 in stage I and 11 in stage II) with HIV infection and 11 adults as matched control were administered various standardised neuropsychological tests assessing cognitive functions like verbal fluency, executive functions, memory and visuo-spatial ability. Data were analysed by computing Kruskal Wallis one way ANOVA by ranks and post-hoc analysis (with the help of Mann Whitney U Test). Results showed that adults with HIV infected had poorer performance on most measures of memory functioning, visuo-spatial ability, verbal fluency and some measures of frontal lobe functioning in comparison to the matched peer control group. Those with stage II HIV had more compromised functions than those in stage I HIV in overall frontal lobe functioning along with inhibitory control, conceptualization, mental flexibility and sensitivity to interference.

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Clock Drawing in Alzheimer's Disease

Cited by 886 publications

References 29 publications

Cognitive deficits in post-stroke aphasia

Cognitive deficits in post-stroke aphasia

Improvement Pattern in the Clock Drawing Test in Early Alzheimer’s Disease

Profile of Neurocognitive Functioning in Adults Infected with HIV

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