Clodronate Reduces the Incidence of Fractures in Community-Dwelling Elderly Women Unselected for Osteoporosis: Results of a Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Randomized Study

Abstract

A 3-year prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of oral clodronate 800 mg showed that the incidence of clinical fractures was decreased by 20% in 5596 elderly women unselected for osteoporosis. The effect occurred in the absence of systematic calcium and vitamin D supplementation and was observed across a wide range of BMDs.Introduction: To date, most studies with bisphosphonates have reported on their use in individuals selected to be at high risk for fracture usually by the presence of low BMD or a prior fragility fracture, usually of the spine. We wished to determine the effect of the bisphosphonate, clodronate, on the rate of fractures in women Ն75 years of age living in the community. Materials and Methods: Women Ն75 years of age living in the general community in South Yorkshire and North Derbyshire, identified from general practice registers, were recruited by letter of invitation to a randomized, double-blind, controlled trial of 800 mg oral clodronate (Bonefos) or matching placebo daily over 3 years. The main outcomes were the incidences of hip and any clinical fracture. Results: Of the 5579 elderly women included in the intention-to-treat analysis of efficacy, 114 had a new hip fracture during the 3-year treatment phase: 56 (2.0%) women in the clodronate group and 58 (2.1%) women in the placebo group (hazard ration [HR], 1.02; 95% CI, 0.71-1.47). Clodronate did, however, decrease the incidence of any clinical fracture by 20% (264 women [9.5%] versus 337 [12.1%] in the placebo group; HR, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.68-0.94). The incidence of osteoporosis-associated nonhip fractures was also significantly decreased by 29% (5.2% versus 7.4%; HR, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.57-0.87). The ability of clodronate to reduce the risk of osteoporotic fracture was independent of baseline BMD, but the number needed-to-treat was lower in the presence of osteoporosis. Conclusions: Oral daily clodronate can prevent fractures without significant adverse effects in elderly women living in the general community. The effect on hip fracture risk is not significant, but an effect similar to that at other nonvertebral sites cannot be excluded. This study suggests that antiresorptive therapies can reduce fracture incidence in high-risk individuals even in the presence of a normal or osteopenic BMD.

Effect of alendronate for reducing fracture by FRAX score and femoral neck bone mineral density: The fracture intervention trial

“…(3) There was also no significant interaction between FN BMD and treatment. (12) Kanis and colleagues (5) examined the interaction between treatment with bazedoxifene and FRAX for clinical fractures (including clinical spine). The risk of nonvertebral fractures was not significantly reduced with bazedoxifene (HR 0.89; 95% CI, 0.70-1.14).…”

Abdominal Aortic Calcification Detected on Lateral Spine Images From a Bone Densitometer Predicts Incident Myocardial Infarction or Stroke in Older Women

“…(30) Participants were not required to have low BMD or any specific fracture risk factors. Exclusion criteria were prior bilateral hip arthroplasties, concurrent use of any pharmacologic fracture prevention medication, concurrent malignancy, or any other medical condition that would impede informed consent or compliance with study procedures.…”

Gender Differences in Osteoporosis and Fractures

“…Since fractures are less common in men, all major pharmaceutical interventions for primary prevention of fractures were exclusively tested in postmenopausal women, with more than 40,000 women included in these studies [2,5,7,8,14,24,25]. A smaller study involving men established the effectiveness of these therapies on surrogate markers, such as increased BMD and bone turnover.…”