Clonal ability, height and growth form explain species’ response to habitat deterioration in Fennoscandian wooded meadows

Otsus, Merit; Kukk, Dora; Kattai, Kaili; Sammul, Marek

doi:10.1007/s11258-014-0347-6

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Life-history traits, such as dispersal ability, reproductive strategy and longevity are often considered potential causes both of detected (Dullinger et al 2013) and undetected extinction debts (Lundell et al 2015, Hu et al 2017, Roberts et al 2017. The prevalence of clonality among remnant species indicates that asexual reproduction likely delays extinctions (Dullinger et al 2012, Otsus et al 2014. Trait trade-offs might also help to identify species most likely to be the first to pay extinction debts (Lindborg et al 2012, Marini et al 2012, Purschke et al 2012, McCune and Vellend 2015, Saar et al 2017.…”

Section: Individual Survival: the Role Of Life-history Traitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding extinction debts: spatio–temporal scales, mechanisms and a roadmap for future research

et al. 2019

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Extinction debt refers to delayed species extinctions expected as a consequence of ecosystem perturbation. Quantifying such extinctions and investigating long-term consequences of perturbations has proven challenging, because perturbations are not isolated and occur across various spatial and temporal scales, from local habitat losses to global warming. Additionally, the relative importance of eco-evolutionary processes varies across scales, because levels of ecological organization, i.e. individuals, (meta) populations and (meta)communities, respond hierarchically to perturbations. To summarize our current knowledge of the scales and mechanisms influencing extinction debts, we reviewed recent empirical, theoretical and methodological studies addressing either the spatio-temporal scales of extinction debts or the eco-evolutionary mechanisms delaying extinctions. Extinction debts were detected across a range of ecosystems and taxonomic groups, with estimates ranging from 9 to 90% of current species richness. The duration over which debts have been sustained varies from 5 to 570 yr, and projections of the total period required to settle a debt can extend to 1000 yr. Reported causes of delayed extinctions are 1) life-history traits that prolong individual survival, and 2) population and metapopulation dynamics that maintain populations under deteriorated conditions. Other potential factors that may extend survival time such as microevolutionary dynamics, or delayed extinctions of interaction partners, have rarely been analyzed. Therefore, we propose a roadmap for future research with three key avenues: 1) the microevolutionary dynamics of extinction processes, 2) the disjunctive loss of interacting species and 3) the impact of multiple regimes of perturbation on the payment of debts. For their ability to integrate processes occurring at different levels of ecological organization, we highlight mechanistic simulation models as tools to address these knowledge gaps and to deepen our understanding of extinction dynamics.The extinctions that comprise an extinction debt can be expected based on the assumption of a new equilibrium to be achieved. This new equilibrium is also a community state that depends on how much the perturbation changes environmental conditions and community properties. The changes in species richness will then emerge from the interactions of eco-evolutionary processes over time at multiple levels of ecological organization (Cabral et al. 2017(Cabral et al. , 2019. This reasoning emphasizes extinction debt as a community (or metacommunity) state. Therefore, we further refer to mechanisms of extinction debt as eco-evolutionary processes creating or prolonging this state, i.e. delaying extinctions and thus putting and maintaining the community into debt.Being a state, an extinction debt has to be first and foremost, detected. Once detected, it can be characterized (Fig. 1). The extinction debt itself is the number of extinctions expected to happen as consequence of a perturbation, therefore, the main m...

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Section: Individual Survival: the Role Of Life-history Traitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding extinction debts: spatio–temporal scales, mechanisms and a roadmap for future research

et al. 2019

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“…However, other authors reported the opposite tendency, demonstrating that seed mass was positively correlated with the implementation of mowing. This may be explained by trade‐offs connected with a larger allocation of resources used to increase seed mass than to investment in competitive traits under mowing, thereby diminishing competitive abilities (Otsus et al, 2014). Regarding functional richness, decreases in values of this parameter over time were less pronounced, but with similar rates of decreases among topsoil removal and mowing treatments, which may be additional evidence of the increased importance of the “competitive exclusion mechanism” in shaping the vegetation structure (Bernard‐Verdier et al, 2012).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the other hand, it is likely that, in regard to the “ C . cespitosa pathway,” extinction debt related to target meadow species could still not be paid, as specialist species can still exist in unmanaged meadows due to the high availability of efficient regeneration places (Otsus et al, 2014; Raatikainen et al, 2018).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This, in turn, may allow experimentally based assessments of conservation priorities and, therefore, formulation of more cost‐effective strategies in the restoration of wet meadows, which are regarded as very rare communities in Europe (Diekmann et al, 2019). Furthermore, in a vast number of cases the perspectives of their recovery seem to be insufficient due to often small extinction debt revealed by many meadow target species (Otsus et al, 2014; Waldén et al, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Long‐term shifts in the functional diversity of abandoned wet meadows: Impacts of historical disturbance and successional pathways

Czortek

Borkowska

Lembicz

2021

Ecology and Evolution

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Investigating the direction of changes in functional diversity involving successional pathways and historical disturbances may be a promising tool for predictions of the effectiveness of the seminatural meadows conservation, with great emphasis on formulation of more cost‐effective restoration strategies. The goal of this research was to assess the differences in long‐term shifts in the functional diversity of plant species in seminatural wet meadows unmanaged for the last 40 years, under the influence of different successional pathways and historical disturbances. Using ordination techniques, linear mixed‐effect models, a set of plant functional traits and parameters of functional diversity, we assessed the importance of habitat filtering, competition, and niche partitioning in shaping community assembly changes over time. The most dramatic shifts in functional diversity were found in the Carex acutiformis successional pathway after topsoil removal, where colonization by successional inhibitors was the main driver causing decreases in functional dispersion and divergence. This was expressed as a decrease in the importance of habitat filtering and replacement of specialized species by competitors with heavier seeds and higher specific leaf area. Regarding the C. cespitosa and Salix cinerea pathways, the magnitudes of shifts in functional diversity were milder and differed less between the historical topsoil removal and mowing treatments, thereby maintaining a large role for niche partitioning in shaping the vegetation structure. The results of our study highlight the importance of tussock sedges and shrubs as effective buffers against the functional homogenization of meadows driven by the decreases in functional diversity of plant species, even from a long‐term perspective.

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“…In Estonia, taller species have higher persistence. Such species are more successful at attracting pollinators in fallow habitat (Jane cek et al, 2013;Otsus et al, 2014), the abundance of which increased dramatically after the collapse of the USSR (Peterson & Aunap, 1998). In the far more densely populated UK (see Table 1), the relative scarcity of pollinator species is reflected in species with abiotic pollination, and those with long flowering periods that maximize the probability of insect pollination, having greater persistence (Pickering & Hill, 2002;Potts et al, 2010).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trait‐based analysis of decline in plant species ranges during the 20th century: a regional comparison between the UK and Estonia

Laanisto

Sammul

Kull

et al. 2015

Global Change Biology

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Although the distribution ranges and abundance of many plant species have declined dramatically in recent decades, detailed analysis of these changes and their cause have only become possible following the publication of second- and third-generation national distribution atlases. Decline can now be compared both between species and in different parts of species' ranges. We extracted data from distribution atlases to compare range persistence of 736 plant species common to both the UK and Estonia between survey periods encompassing almost the same years (1969 and 1999 in the UK and 1970 and 2004 in Estonia). We determined which traits were most closely associated with variation in species persistence, whether these were the same in each country, and the extent to which they explained differences in persistence between the countries. Mean range size declined less in Estonia than in the UK (24.3% vs. 30.3%). One-third of species in Estonia (239) maintained >90% of their distribution range compared with one-fifth (141) in the UK. In Estonia, 99 species lost >50% of their range compared with 127 species in the UK. Persistence was very positively related to original range in both countries. Major differences in species persistence between the studied countries were primarily determined by biogeographic (affiliation to floristic element) and ecoevolutionary (plant strategy) factors. In contrast, within-country persistence was most strongly determined by tolerance of anthropogenic activities. Decline of species in the families Orchidaceae and Potamogetonaceae was significantly greater in the UK than in Estonia. Almost all of the 736 common and native European plant species in our study are currently declining in their range due to pressure from anthropogenic activities. Those species with low tolerance of human activity, with biotic pollination vectors and in the families referred to above are the most vulnerable, especially where human population density is high.

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Clonal ability, height and growth form explain species’ response to habitat deterioration in Fennoscandian wooded meadows

Cited by 7 publications

References 36 publications

Understanding extinction debts: spatio–temporal scales, mechanisms and a roadmap for future research

Understanding extinction debts: spatio–temporal scales, mechanisms and a roadmap for future research

Long‐term shifts in the functional diversity of abandoned wet meadows: Impacts of historical disturbance and successional pathways

Trait‐based analysis of decline in plant species ranges during the 20th century: a regional comparison between the UK and Estonia

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