Clonal composition of colonies of a eusocial aphid, Ceratovacuna japonica

Hattori, Mitsuru

doi:10.13102/sociobiology.v62i1.116-119

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…As a result, it may undergo selection repeatedly in response to predation pressure. Indeed, Hattori et al 23 have shown that a colony consists of multiple clones. Adaptive defensive traits of soldiers should differ between populations with low and high predation pressure.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…host-alternating) aphid that shows cyclic parthenogenesis characterized by several asexual phases and a sexual phase 22 . This species produces winged morphs for moving between its secondary host plant, Sasa senanensis (Poaceae: Bambuseae), and its primary host plant, Styrax japonicus (Styracaceae) 7 , 23 . This host-alternating behaviour can lead to clone mixing.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This host-alternating behaviour can lead to clone mixing. More than five aphid clones have been found on a single leaf of S. senanensis 23 .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Positive geographic correlation between soldiers’ weapon size and defensive prowess in a eusocial aphid, Ceratovacuna japonica

Hattori

Ono

Itino

2022

Sci Rep

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Some aphid species produce a soldier caste with enlarged forelegs and horns (weapons). It has been hypothesised that the evolution of morphological specialization by soldiers in social aphids is accelerated by high predation pressure, but this possibility has not been tested. Here, we investigated the relationship between local predator abundance and soldiers’ weapon size and aggressiveness in a prey–predator system comprising a eusocial aphid, Ceratovacuna japonica, and its predators (larvae of the butterfly Taraka hamada and of the moth Atkinsonia ignipicta) in two populations with different predator abundances. We found that the soldiers in the predator-abundant population had larger weapons and were more aggressive than those in the population with lower predator abundance. Furthermore, the soldiers’ defensive prowess (evaluated as the survival of aphids in the presence of predators) was greater in the predator-abundant population. These results provide the first evidence that a population of eusocial aphids experiencing high predation pressure has soldiers with pronounced defensive traits and defensive prowess.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Positive geographic correlation between soldiers’ weapon size and defensive prowess in a eusocial aphid, Ceratovacuna japonica

Hattori

Ono

Itino

2022

Sci Rep

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“…These have shown that clonal mixing does occur within the galls, that the level of mixing is very variable, and that the dispersing aphids can adjust their social and reproductive behaviour depending on whether they are in their own gall or that of another clone (Abbot et al 2001; Johnson et al 2002; Wang et al 2008; Abbot 2009; Miller et al 2015). By contrast, there has been only one study of the genetic structure of soldier aphids in open colonies (Hattori et al 2015). This was on a very small scale (about 10 m x 5 m) and showed that there was some clonal mixing in five open colonies of Ceratovacuna japonica using AFLP markers (Hattori et al 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Eusocial evolution without a nest: kin structure of social aphids forming open colonies on bamboo

Uematsu

Yang

Amos

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Living in nests is an almost universal feature of eusocial animals. In some aphids, however, sterile soldier castes have evolved in open colonies without a nest. To clarify the factors promoting the evolution of eusociality in these colonies, we used newly developed microsatellite markers to compare the kin structure of the open colonies of two aphid species: the non-eusocial Astegopteryx bambucifoliae and the eusocial Pseudoregma alexanderi. Our samples, from over 1,000 hectares, contained 99 clones of A. bambucifoliae and 19 of P. alexanderi. Clonal mixing occurred in both species: average pairwise relatedness within a colony was 0.54 in A. bambucifoliae and 0.71 in P. alexanderi. Each clone of A. bambucifoliae occurred in a unique location, whereas those of P. alexanderi occurred in multiple locations and more than 90% of individuals came from just four clones. There was significant genetic variation among different colonies in the same clump (stem-cluster) in A. bambucifoliae but not in P. alexanderi, indicating that P. alexanderi colonies in a single clump are genetically homogenized, functioning as a large colony. In P. alexanderi, the proportion of sterile soldiers to normal first-instar nymphs was significantly different across the four clones. Our results indicate that the lack of input of migrants from the primary host, combined with feeding on a large, stable host plant, are the key ecological factors that favour the evolution of eusociality, enabling the production of genetically homogenised, large, and long-lived colonies. After eusociality evolves, the optimal strategy of soldier production might vary between different clones.

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“…These aphid species basically have a host-alternating life cycle; most of them induce galls on their primary host and form exposed colonies on their secondary host. Defensive individuals (usually first-or second-instar nymphs [2] but at times fourth-instar nymphs [8] or apterous adults [9,10]) have been recorded from the gall or the primary-host generations of all six tribes [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17], and from the secondary-host generations of Eriosomatini [1], Cerataphidini [15,[18][19][20][21], and Hormaphidini [22]. Although exules of Paracletus cimiciformis (Fordini) have recently been shown to suck on ant larva hemolymph [23], defensive behavior on the secondary host has been unknown from the remaining three tribes to date.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Defensive Nymphs of the Woolly AphidThoracaphis kashifolia(Hemiptera) on the OakQuercus glauca

Kurosu

Aoki

Uematsu

et al. 2016

Psyche: A Journal of Entomology

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Aphid nymphs with enlarged fore- and mid-legs were found from woolly colonies ofThoracaphis kashifolia(Hormaphidinae, Nipponaphidini) on leaves of the evergreenQuercus glaucain Japan. It was shown that they grasped an introduced moth larva with their legs and some inserted their stylets deep into the body. These defenders were first-instar nymphs of the alate generation and were produced by aleyrodiform apterae from early September onward. There was a large variation in the size of their forelegs. First-instar nymphs (to be alates) produced early in the season had fore-femorotrochanters shorter than those produced later. The molting rate (the percentage of pharate individuals) of the latter was very low (less than 5% to zero), suggesting their semisterility. Although first-instar nymphs with various lengths of forelegs joined to attack moth larvae, these facts indicate that an incipient caste differentiation occurs within the first-instar nymphs of the alate generation.

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Clonal composition of colonies of a eusocial aphid, Ceratovacuna japonica

Cited by 9 publications

References 21 publications

Positive geographic correlation between soldiers’ weapon size and defensive prowess in a eusocial aphid, Ceratovacuna japonica

Positive geographic correlation between soldiers’ weapon size and defensive prowess in a eusocial aphid, Ceratovacuna japonica

Eusocial evolution without a nest: kin structure of social aphids forming open colonies on bamboo

Defensive Nymphs of the Woolly AphidThoracaphis kashifolia(Hemiptera) on the OakQuercus glauca

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