Clonal Diversity and Evolutionary Dynamics in a Diploid-Triploid Breeding Complex of Unisexual Fishes (Poecilia)

Turner, Bruce J.; Balsano, Joseph S.; Monaco, Paul J.; Rasch, Ellen M.

doi:10.2307/2407920

Cited by 42 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…These findings contradict a number of earlier studies investigating clonal diversity in the asexual fish Poeciliopsis (e.g., Vrijenhoek et al 1978). Also, Turner et al (1983), using allozymes, found no difference in genetic variability between diploid and triploid P. formosa. We purposefully sampled all habitat types (see Ia-d) to exclude a possible sampling bias due to differences in ecological niche adaptations in different clones as proposed by Vrijenhoek (1998).…”

Section: Clonal Variability Of Triploidscontrasting

confidence: 99%

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Evidence for a Monophyletic Origin of Triploid Clones of the Amazon Molly, Poecilia Formosa

Lampert

Lamatsch

Epplen³

et al. 2005

Evolution

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Abstract. Asexual reproduction in vertebrates is rare and generally considered an evolutionary dead end. Asexuality is often associated with polyploidy, and several hypotheses have been put forward to explain this relationship. So far, it remains unclear whether polyploidization in asexual organisms is a frequent or a rare event. Here we present a field study on the gynogenetic Amazon molly, Poecilia formosa. We used multilocus fingerprints and microsatellites to investigate the genetic diversity in 339 diploid and 55 triploid individuals and in 25 P. mexicana, its sexual host. Although multilocus DNA fingerprints found high clonal diversity in triploids, microsatellites revealed only two very similar clones in the triploids. Phylogenetic analysis of microsatellite data provided evidence for a monophyletic origin of the triploid clones of P. formosa. In addition, shared alleles within the triploid clones between the triploid and diploid genotypes and between asexual and sexual lineages indicate a recent origin of triploid clones in Poecilia formosa.

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Section: Clonal Variability Of Triploidscontrasting

confidence: 99%

“…DNA fingerprinting revealed very high levels of genetic variation in natural populations (Turner et al 1990). Triploid clonal variability has only been estimated using allozymes and was proposed to be rather high (Turner et al 1983).…”

Section: *Equal Contributorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence for a Monophyletic Origin of Triploid Clones of the Amazon Molly, Poecilia Formosa

Lampert

Lamatsch

Epplen³

et al. 2005

Evolution

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“…Triploid Amazon mollies were first reported in laboratory breeding stocks (Rasch et al 1965;Schultz & Kallman 1968) and soon afterwards were also found in natural populations of the Soto la Marina river system and in the Río Guayalejo (Balsano et al 1972;Turner et al 1983). Triploidization of diploid lineages occurs rather frequently in laboratory breeding stocks.…”

Section: Hybridization Leading To the Intro-gression Of Paternal Genementioning

confidence: 97%

The origin and evolution of a unisexual hybrid:Poecilia formosa

Lampert

Schartl

2008

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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Clonal reproduction in vertebrates can always be traced back to hybridization events as all known unisexual vertebrates are hybrids between recognized species or genetically defined races. Interestingly, clonal vertebrates often also rely on interspecific matings for their reproduction because gynogenesis (sperm-dependent parthenogenesis) and hybridogenesis are common modes of propagation. While in most cases these hybridization events leave no hereditary traces in the offspring, occasionally the genome exclusion mechanism fails and either small parts of male genetic material remain inside the oocyte in the form of microchromosomes, or fusion of the sperm nucleus with the oocyte nucleus leads to polyploid individuals. In this review, we highlight the important role of hybridization for the origin and evolution of a unisexual hybrid: the Amazon molly, Poecilia formosa.

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“…Gynogenetic species are clonal, all-female lineages in which reproduction is sperm-dependent. Gynogenetic females clonally produce diploid eggs that require sperm to initiate embryogenesis (Hubbs and Hubbs 1932) but complete fusion of gametes does not occur (Hubbs 1964;Monaco et al 1984) and the genetic material from the sperm is not incorporated into the chromosomes of the gynogenetic offspring (Rasch et al 1982;Turner 1982;Turner et al 1983;Monaco et al 1984; see also Schartl et al 1995a). Since there are no conspecific males in such lineages, gynogenetic females must attract and mate with males of another species to reproduce successfully.…”

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confidence: 99%

Peering Through the Looking Glass at a Sexual Parasite: Are Amazon Mollies Red Queens?

Dries

2003

Evolution

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Abstract. The gynogenetic Amazon molly (Poecilia formosa) is a clonal, all-female lineage of livebearing fish that faces an unusual obstacle to evolutionary persistence. Sperm from heterospecific males (either sailfin, P. latipinna, or Atlantic, P. mexicana, mollies) is necessary to trigger embryogenesis. However, none of the male's genes are incorporated into the genome of the gynogenetic offspring. Some investigators have proposed that the evolution of male mate discrimination is a result of this cost, leading to a coevolutionary arms race between male avoidance of P. formosa and P. formosa attractiveness. Given that P. formosa successfully reproduces and has not yet gone extinct, it is clear there are mechanisms by which they attract the sexual attention of males. Although a Red Queen coevolutionary process in typical host/parasite systems has been shown to favor the persistence of sexual species, in this system an arms race has been invoked to explain the reverse. Here I present behavioral data supporting a more parsimonious scenario: that mechanisms of attraction in P. formosa are simply a consequence of its hybrid origin. Poecilia latipinna and P. mexicana males do not discriminate between gynogenetic P. formosa females and first generation sexual hybrid females, and females do not differ in agonistic behaviors associated with competition for mates. Both results contradict predictions from the Red Queen hypothesis. Therefore, coevolution is not necessary to explain the apparent evolutionary persistence of P. formosa. Evolutionary theory predicts that clonal or asexual lineages will suffer a loss in average fitness over time due to a range of

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Clonal Diversity and Evolutionary Dynamics in a Diploid-Triploid Breeding Complex of Unisexual Fishes (Poecilia)

Cited by 42 publications

References 17 publications

Evidence for a Monophyletic Origin of Triploid Clones of the Amazon Molly, Poecilia Formosa

Evidence for a Monophyletic Origin of Triploid Clones of the Amazon Molly, Poecilia Formosa

The origin and evolution of a unisexual hybrid:Poecilia formosa

Peering Through the Looking Glass at a Sexual Parasite: Are Amazon Mollies Red Queens?

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