Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technology was employed to examine peripheral blood and synovial T increased synovial expression of V/i14 was found, but only in the synovial fluid samples. Reduced expression of V#1, Vj64, V/i5.1, V/i10, V,816, and V/i19 was also observed in synovial T cells. These results indicate that biased V,8 gene utilization in different peripheral compartments of RA patients can be observed in unselected T cell populations, and are consistent with the conclusion that populations of T cells expressing these V/i gene products may be involved in the pathogenesis of the disease. (J. Clin. Invest. 1993. 92:2688-2701