Clonal fish are more aggressive to distant relatives in a low resource environment

Makowicz, Amber M.; Moore, Tana; Schlupp, Ingo

doi:10.1163/1568539x-00003494

Cited by 10 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Somewhat surprisingly, it was the social environment containing fish of the same clone as the focal animals that exhibited the most aggression (and the naïve-groups containing these focal fish exhibited the most stress behaviors). Previous studies found that Amazon mollies exhibited less aggression towards sister clones when compared to non-sister clones [39, 51]. However, a different focal clonal lineage was used in those studies, suggesting that responses to sister and non-sister clones (and, therefore, first-order and cascading IGE) vary across genotypes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Cascading indirect genetic effects in a clonal vertebrate

Makowicz

Bierbach

Richardson

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Understanding how individual differences among organisms arise and how their effects propagate through social groups are fundamental questions in behavioral biology. Genetic variation among social partners can influence individual phenotypes, creating individual differences that might then have cascading effects in social groups. Using a clonal species, the Amazon molly (Poecilia formosa), we test the hypothesis that such indirect genetic effects (IGE) propagate beyond individuals that experience them firsthand. We tested this hypothesis by exposing genetically identical Amazon mollies to social partners of different genotypes, and then moving these individuals to new social groups in which they were the only member to have experienced the IGE. We found that the differences in aggression experienced in genetically different social environments carried over into new social groups to influence the exploratory behaviors of individuals that did not directly experience the previous social environments. Our data reveal that IGE can propagate beyond the individuals that directly experience them in Amazon mollies and possibly in many group-living species. Theoretical and empirical expansion of the quantitative genetic framework developed for IGE to include cascading and other types of carry-over effects will facilitate understanding of among-individual variation, social behavior and its evolution.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Cascading indirect genetic effects in a clonal vertebrate

Makowicz

Bierbach

Richardson

et al. 2021

Preprint

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Somewhat surprisingly, it was the social environment containing fish of the same clone as the focals that exhibited the most aggression (and the naive groups containing these focal fish exhibited the most stress-related behaviour). Previous studies reported that Amazon mollies exhibited less aggression towards sister clones compared to non-sister clones [47,60]. However, a different focal clonal lineage was used in those studies, suggesting that responses to sister and non-sister clones can vary across genotypes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cascading indirect genetic effects in a clonal vertebrate

et al. 2022

Self Cite

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Understanding how individual differences arise and how their effects propagate through groups are fundamental issues in biology. Individual differences can arise from indirect genetic effects (IGE): genetically based variation in the conspecifics with which an individual interacts. Using a clonal species, the Amazon molly ( Poecilia formosa ), we test the hypothesis that IGE can propagate to influence phenotypes of the individuals that do not experience them firsthand. We tested this by exposing genetically identical Amazon mollies to conspecific social partners of different clonal lineages, and then moving these focal individuals to new social groups in which they were the only member to have experienced the IGE. We found that genetically different social environments resulted in the focal animals experiencing different levels of aggression, and that these IGE carried over into new social groups to influence the behaviour of naive individuals. These data reveal that IGE can cascade beyond the individuals that experience them. Opportunity for cascading IGE is ubiquitous, especially in species with long-distance dispersal or fission–fusion group dynamics. Cascades could amplify (or mitigate) the effects of IGE on trait variation and on evolutionary trajectories. Expansion of the IGE framework to include cascading and other types of carry-over effects will therefore improve understanding of individual variation and social evolution and allow more accurate prediction of population response to changing environments.

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“…Sexually produced diploid organisms share half of their genetic material with their parents ( Makowicz et al 2018 ). However, with no fertilization, meiosis and fusion of gametes (syngamy) do not occur during parthenogenesis or thelytoky ( Normark and Kirkendall 2009 ; Stenberg and Saura 2009 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The thelytokous raider ant ( Cerapachys biroi ) can distinguish between nest and non-nest mates ( Kronauer et al 2013 ). The clonal species, Amazon mollies ( Poecilia formosa ), are more aggressive towards distant kin (non-sister clones) compared to clonal sisters ( Makowicz et al 2018 ). We recently observed kin recognition (kin versus non-kin) ability in a thelytokous phytoseiid A. herbicolus ( Zhang and Zhang 2022 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A thelytokous predatory mite is more cannibalistic towards distant kin

Zhang

2022

Current Zoology

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Kin recognition has been widely observed in various taxa. Cannibalism avoidance may be a strong driver for the evolution of kin recognition, as it may avoid a reduction in inclusive fitness. Kin recognition has recently been observed in a generalist phytoseiid, Amblyseius herbicolus (Acari: Phytoseiidae). This study experimentally examined the degree of relatedness needed between prey larvae and cannibal adults of A. herbicolus for the occurrence of kin discrimination. The adults were individually placed in enclosed arenas with two prey, a daughter and a more distant related larva, to observe their cannibalising choice. The adults of A. herbicolus did not discriminate between close relatives (daughter versus niece) but preferably cannibalised more distant kin (i.e., first and second cousins once removed). Phenotype matching and familiarisation seem prominent as recognition mechanisms used by A. herbicolus adults. The effect of learning on kin recognition through prior contact in A. herbicolus requires further investigation. Studies on other adaptive functions of kin recognition of A. herbicolus, such as cooperation and parental care, may provide meaningful insights.

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Clonal fish are more aggressive to distant relatives in a low resource environment

Cited by 10 publications

References 36 publications

Cascading indirect genetic effects in a clonal vertebrate

Cascading indirect genetic effects in a clonal vertebrate

Cascading indirect genetic effects in a clonal vertebrate

A thelytokous predatory mite is more cannibalistic towards distant kin

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